(By Tsem Rinpoche and Pastor David)

Vietnam is a thin strip of land that borders with China up in the North, and Laos and Cambodia to the West. It was once a lesser-known travel destination but Vietnam has since become widely popular in recent years.

In fact, Vietnam’s capital, Hanoi is consistently ranked among the world’s top 10 holiday destinations. Since the late 80s, Vietnam has opened its doors to foreign tourists along a popular trail of attractions. You easily find backpackers and tourists even in the most remote Vietnamese province of Ha Giang. While Vietnam has been scarred by war, its exposure to French, American and Chinese cultures has left indelible marks on the country and added to its rich tapestry. A stunning and diverse landscape, mouthwatering cuisine, beautiful beaches and a vibrant shopping scene are all great reasons to travel to the fast-developing modern Communist state.

Regions of Vietnam

Vietnam is geographically a part of Southeast Asia and the easternmost country in the Indochina region. The shape of the country resembles the letter ‘S’ and its long coastline lies along the South China Sea. The country borders China in the north, Laos along the long western border and Cambodia in the southwest. Vietnam has a population of 95.4 million people (in 2017), making it number 13 on the list of the most populous countries in the world.

Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces (Vietnamese: tỉnh), and there are 5 centrally-controlled municipalities existing at the same level as provinces: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Can Tho, Da Nang and Hai Phong.

A map of Vietnam’s regions. Click to enlarge.

Vietnam has eight regions:

1. Northwestern Region (Tây Bắc, Dong Bac)
2. Northeastern region (Đông Bắc Bộ)
3. Greater Ha Noi/ Red River Delta (Hà Nội Kinh-Dong Bang Song Hong)
4. North Central Coast (Bắc Trung Bộ)
5. South Central Coast (Nam Trung Bộ)
6. Central Highlands (Tây Nguyên)
7. Southeastern (Đông Nam Bộ)
8. Southwestern region, in the Mekong River Delta (Tây Nam Bộ-Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long)

Religion in Vietnam

Vietnam is home to many religions, including Caodai, a monotheistic religion

There are several established religions in Vietnam (including those arising from Vietnamese folk beliefs), which has been historically tied with the doctrines of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism (collectively called the three teachings or tam giáo). According to official 2014 statistics by the Vietnamese government, there are 24 million people who are identified with one of the major organised religions out of a population of 90 million. Of these, 11 million (12.2%) are Buddhists, 6.2 million (6.8%) are Catholics, 4.4 million (4.8%) are Caodaists (an indigenous folk religion), 1.4 million (1.6%) are Protestants, and 1.3 million (1.4%) are Hoahaoists. In addition, there are 75,000 Muslims, 7,000 Bahais, 1,500 Hindus and other smaller groups (less than 1%). Traditional folk religions (worship of gods, goddesses, and ancestors) has also experienced a revival since the 1980s.

Best Time to Travel to Vietnam

Low Season(April – June, September–November)
This is usually the best time to travel throughout Vietnam as tourists and visitor numbers is at its lowest, and prices of goods and services are lower. However, be warned that the central and northern coastline are frequently lashed by typhoons until November.

Mid Season(December – March)
During the Tet Vietnamese New Year festival (around Jan – Feb), the entire nation is on the move and prices experience spikes. Central Vietnam does get cool weather and visitors can expect cold conditions up north. However in the south, clear skies and sunshine are the norm.

High Season (July – August)
This is the period when tourists flock to Vietnam and as a result, prices go up by as much as 50% especially along the coastal areas and it would be wise to book hotels well in advance to avoid disappointment. All of Vietnam at this time, except for the far north, is hot and humid, with the summer monsoon bringing downpours.

Brief History of Vietnam

Nguyen Emperor Khai Dinh

Vietnam’s story is a narrative of difficulty, with its history filled with a succession of wars, colonization and rebellion. In its earlier history, the Chinese imperial forces occupied Vietnam for over a thousand years. At different points in history, Vietnam was torn asunder by civil wars and invaded by the Song Dynasty from China, the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, the Champa Empire, the Ming Dynasty, the Dutch, the Qing Dynasty, the French and then American forces.

Mandarins of Nguyen Dynasty

Vietnam managed to fend off many invaders and remained independent but she was still a tributary state to China until the time the French came and colonized her. The last emperors of Vietnam were those of the Nguyễn Dynasty that ruled from the capital at Huế between 1802 to1945. However, after 1884, the fall of Tự Đức led to a succession crisis that opened an opportunity for the French to colonize Vietnam. Both the Chinese and French left a lasting impact on Vietnamese culture with Confucianism being the heart of its social etiquette, and the French significantly influencing its culinary history.

Capture of Lang Son by French forces

After the short-lived Japanese occupation, the communist Việt Minh regime under Hồ Chí Minh resumed their fight against the French. In 1945, the last Emperor, Bảo Đại abdicated the throne and a proclamation of independence ensued. By then, the majority of French had left the country but they returned a year later to resist Vietnamese independence until a decisive defeat in 1954 at Điện Biên Phủ. The country then became divided at the 17th parallel latitude with the Communist occupying in the north while the south was ruled by Ngô Đình Diệm who declared himself as the President of the Republic of Vietnam.

The Viêt Công backed North and the Republic South eventually clashed in what became known as the Vietnam War, although the Vietnamese themselves called it the American War. In the years prior to the war, the Unites States of America had progressively increased aid to South Vietnam. The aid included a vast expansion of American troops. This was part of President Kennedy’s fight of what he regarded to be a communist insurgency. It was supposed to be a quick military operation for the US troops but it dragged on until a cease-fire agreement of 1973. Two years later, a North Vietnamese tank drove defiantly into the Presidential Palace in Ho Chi Minh City and ended the war as South Vietnam fell to the communist. Throughout the war, it was estimated somewhere between 800,000 to 3 million Vietnamese and over 55 thousand Americans perished.

The American War is just one of many wars fought throughout Vietnam’s history but it was one of the most brutal. Such was the damage that today, over two thirds of the country’s population was born after 1975, after the war ended.

During the American War, the South Republic was overrun by the communist Viet Cong despite American aid

Vietnamese Culture

Traditional dress in Vietnam

Vietnam’s bronze age flourished during the Đông Sơn period who were skilled in wet rice cultivation, fishing and sailing in canoes dug out from barks of tree trunks. Apart from that, the people of that era developed expertise in casting bronze and were especially famous for their bronze war drums. However, the Vietnamese people’s national consciousness and identity are deeply rooted in the Chinese culture drawing on elements from Confucianism and Taoism.

The foundation of Vietnamese society is structured around làng or ancestral villages and all Vietnamese celebrate a common ancestral day, which is on the 10th day of the 3rd lunar month. There is undeniable influence of Chinese influence brought by Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien and Hainan immigrants. The national religion of Vietnam is Buddhism and it is clear to see its impact upon popular culture and identity.

However, these days, the Vietnamese government is taking a more active role in shaping the Vietnamese consciousness and culture via the government-controlled media and ethnic-based programs.

Languages in Vietnam

The romanised Vietnamese alphabet is used throughout the country

The national language of Vietnam is a tonal Mon–Khmer language which is spoken by the majority of the population known as Tiếng Việt. Vietnamese originally used Chinese characters in its written form. Then in the 13th century, the Vietnamese developed its own characters and called it Chữ nôm. The romanized Vietnamese alphabet used today is called Quốc ngữ, which was developed by the Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes and several other Catholic missionaries in the 17th century. Quốc ngữ became widespread and was instrumental in bringing literacy to the masses in Vietnam.

Vietnam’s diverse minority groups also speak a diversity of languages including Tày, Mường, Cham, Khmer, Chinese, Nùng, and H’Mông. Due to colonial rule, many older and educated Vietnamese speak French as a second language. Hence, Vietnam is a full member of the Francophonie, and there is a revival of interest in this language. In recent years, Vietnam’s contact with Western nations has increased due to trade, tourism and the Internet resulting in English becoming a more popular choice as a second language alongside French and in some schools completely replacing the French language.

Vietnamese Cuisine

A popular noodle dish known as Pho

Vietnamese cuisine is traditionally made up of a combination five main taste ‘elements’, which is known as ngũ vị. These elements consist of metal for spicy, wood for sour, fire for bitter, water for salty and earth for sweet. Vietnamese cooking includes ingredients like fish sauce, shrimp paste, soy sauce, rice, fresh herbs, fruits and vegetables. In addition, Vietnamese cooking commonly uses spices like lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird’s eye chili, lime and basil leaves. In general, traditional Vietnamese cooking uses a lot of fresh ingredients, minimal use of oil, and a lot of herbs and vegetables and is considered one of the healthiest cuisines.

Northern Vietnamese cooking is less spicy than southern dishes. This is due to the difficulty in procuring spices in the past because of the colder climate in the north. Black pepper is deliberately used in place of chilies as the ingredient to make the dish spicy. Northern Vietnamese cooking also uses predominantly seafood. Most popular Vietnamese dishes, such as bún riêu and bánh cuốn, originated in the north and was brought down south to central and southern Vietnam by migrants.

Vietnamese spring rolls

Bahn Mi

Quang Noodles

20 Popular Destinations in Vietnam

1. Saigon Opera House, Ho Chi Minh City

Saigon Opera House

The elegant Saigon Opera House which was also known as the Municipal Theater stands right in the center of Ho Chi Minh City. This old building was one of the more impressive structures in all of old Saigon. The French architect Eugene Ferret built this opera house in resplendent style reminiscent of the French Third Republic in 1898. The opera house stands just two meters above street level and has 2 layers of doors to prevent street noise from penetrating the interior.

The opera house stands on the city’s central axis, which is in parallel to the metro station and the roundabout right in the front of Ben Thanh market. When viewed from afar, the Opera House resembles an ornate pair of city gates. The architecture of the building showcases stone-carved ornaments, classical statues at the entrance, elegant chandeliers and a shiny granite floor of the lobby, which are all imported materials from France. The 468 seats of the oval auditorium were positioned in such a way that each seat has an excellent view of the stage. The wall is lined with material that absorbs sound so it is echo-free and preserves the sound quality from within theatre.

Naturally, the opera house is the venue for numerous high profile events and cultural and entertainment activities within the city. It is recognized to be a national relic in 2012 and is one the most popular destinations for those visiting Ho Chi Minh City.

How to get there

The opera house stands right in the heart of Ho Chi Minh City and this makes it accessible via taxi, buses and motorcycle taxis from any part of the city. Airport shuttle bus no.49 ply the routes between the airport and the city center.

Address: 7 Lam Son Square, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Phone: +84 862 7044 50
Website: https://ticketbox.vn/aoshow/en
Opening hours: 12:00–23:59 daily
Entrance fee: Ticket prices are available in the ticketbox website.

Accommodation

1. Opera Hotel
Address: R2-27,28, Nam Quang 1 area, Phu My Hung, District 7, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
Phone: +84 285 4123 919

2. Little Saigon Boutique Hotel
Address: 36 Bis/2 Le Loi Boulevard, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 835 2184 64

3. Silverland Sakyo Hotel
Address: 10A Le Thanh Ton St., Ben Nghe Ward, Dist. 1, Ho Chi Minh, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 283 8295 295

2. Giac Lam Pagoda, Ho Chi Minh City

Giac Lam Pagoda. Click to enlarge.

This temple was built in 1744 and is believed to be the oldest in the city. Giac Lam has the atmosphere of an old Vietnamese temple surrounded by serene landscaped gardens. The temple’s name in Chinese characters (覚林寺) literally means ‘Feel the Woods Temple’ and the Bodhi tree stands in the front garden was a gift from a Sri Lankan monk in 1953. Buddhist prayers are done daily from 4am to 5am, 11am to noon, 4pm to 5pm and 7pm to 9pm.

A white statue of Quan The Am Bo Tat or the Goddess of Mercy standing on a lotus embodies ideals of purity. Typical of Vietnamese Buddhist temples, one can observe aspects of both Taoism and Confucianism elements. The pagoda with an iconic bronze bell is a pilgrimage spot for the sick and elderly as it is believed that when struck, one’s prayers would be fulfilled.

The inner sanctum in the main hall is filled with ancient gilded Buddha statues. On the central dais at the back of the shrine sits Adida Buddha, recognizable with his multi-colored halo. There is also a prominent laughing Buddha surrounded by five children and the Ameda, the Buddha of Infinite Light, Compassion and Wisdom. This historic pagoda temple is just 3km from Cholon and can be reached by taxi or motorbike taxi (xe om).

Giac Lam Pagoda

The inner sanctum of the main prayer hall

How to get there

This historic pagoda temple is just 3km from Cholon and can be reached by taxi or motorbike taxi (xe om). Cholon is the Chinatown of Ho Chi Minh City.

Address: 565 Lạc Long Quân, phường 10, Tân Bình, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 838 6539 33
Opening Hours: 05:00 – 12:00 and 14:00 – 20:00 daily
Entrance Fee: No

Accommodation

1. Khải Hoàn Apartment
Address: Lau1, 624 Lạc Long Quân, Phường 5, Quận 11, Tp. Hồ Chí Minh, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 839 7564 20

2. Huy Hoang Hotel
Address: 117 Trương Công Định, phường 14, Tân Bình, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam

3. Lilly Hotel
Address: 1 Bàu Cát, phường 14, Tân Bình, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 394 9313 9

3. Cu Chi Tunnels, Ho Chi Minh City

Cu Chi Tunnel

The Cu Chi tunnels is a legendary underground structure of the 1960s, for its role in maintaining control of the rural area around 30km to 40km radius from Ho Chi Minh city. At the height of the Vietnam War, this tunnel system stretched from the city to the Cambodian border. In fact, the Cu Chi district alone had a network of over 250km that is spread out all over the countryside. This network of tunnels that at some parts go several storeys deep into the earth, consists of innumerable trapdoors, living spaces, storage areas, weapon factories, field hospitals, command centers and kitchens.

These networks of tunnels at Cu Chi represent the tenacious spirit of the Vietnamese people. There is little evidence today of the bitter fighting, bombing and utter destruction that enveloped Cu Chi during the war. These days you can only see it when one digs deeper below the surface and descend into these caves. Vietnamese school children and Communist Party cadres frequent these caves to pay homage to the indomitable spirit of the people.

How to get there

Cu Chi Tunnels is 75 kilometers northwest or a two-hour drive from Ho Chi Minh City. Therefore, it would be best to arrange a taxi or a car specially arranged through an agent.

Address: Ấp Phú Hiệp, Phú Hiệp, Phú Mỹ Hưng, Củ Chi, Bến Tre 733800, Vietnam
Hours: 07:00–17:00 daily
Phone: +84 837 9488 30
Entrance Fee: 110,000 VND per person for entrance

Accommodation

1. Les Hameaux de l’Orient
Address: Hamlet Rang, Trung Lap Thuong, Cu Chi, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 838 9268 39

2. Ibis Saigon Airport
Address: 2 Hong Ha Street, Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Phone:: +84 838 4855 56

3. Quang Trung Hotel
Address: 1118 Quang Trung, 8, Gò Vấp, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 989 0701 44

4. War Remnants Museum, Ho Chi Minh City

War Remnants Museum

This museum is highly popular with tourists and was formerly known as the Museum of The Chinese and American War Crimes and is located in the building that was once housed the US Information Service. There are several similar museums but few that convey the brutality of the war and the sufferings of the civilian population, as effectively as this one. The evidence of atrocities on display in this museum is well known but rarely do Western audience hear the story as told by victims of US military action during the war. Although the narrative in the museum is biased but most of the disturbing photographs that illustrate US brutality were actually from US sources, including the infamous My Lai Massacre.

The compound outside the museum is dotted with American armored trucks, wartime artillery, bombs and infantry weapons. There is also a corner dedicated to displays of the French and South Vietnamese prisons at Phu Quoc and Con Son Island. There are old artifacts used for punishment, from that era including the French guillotine and the cruel ‘tiger cages’ that were used to imprison Viet Cong (Vietnamese Communists) prisoners.

The ground floor of the museum is dedicated to collection of wartime posters and photographs that showcase antiwar sentiment. In contrast to the horrors that are displayed elsewhere in the museum, this is a welcome change. The photos on display upstairs are jarring and they should proof of children burnt and disfigured by US bombing and napalm attacks, an exhibit that would shake even the most hardened war-enthusiast. Aside from evidences of atrocities, rare experimental weapons that were once highly classified, are on display, like the flechette, an artillery shell filled with a thousand of tiny darts designed to inflict maximum damage on groups of people.

Then, there is the poignant Requiem Exhibition by the legendary war photographer Tim Page that brings together the works of various photographers killed during the war on both sides including Larry Burrows and Robert Capa. All the exhibits in this museum are captioned in Vietnamese and English.

How to get there

The War Remnants Museum is a war museum at 28 Vo Van Tan, in District 3 of the city. Taxis, busses and motorbike taxis are available. Bus routes 14, 28 & 06 ply the major roads that lead to the museum.

Address: 28 Võ Văn Tần, Phường 6, Quận 3, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Hours: 07:30–18:00
Phone: +84 283 9305 587
Website: http://warremnantsmuseum.com/
Entrance fee: 15,000 VND

Accommodation

1. Sonnet Saigon Hotel
Address: 14 Trương Định, phường 6, Quận 3, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 283 9301 999

2. Aristo Saigon Hotel
Address: 3A Vo Van Tan St District 3, phường 6, Quận 3, Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 862 6825 55

3. Hotel des Arts Saigon MGallery Collection
Address: 76 78 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai Str, District 3, Hồ Chí Minh, 070000, Vietnam
Phone: +84 283 9898 888

5. The Old Quarter, Hanoi

Hanoi Old Quarter

It is said that right in the heart of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam lies a centuries-old quarter, which embodies the very soul of the city. The locals affectionately call this place “Hanoi – 36 districts” or “Hanoi – 36 Old Streets” or just simply as “Hanoi’s old quarter”.

Getting to the Old Quarter from Noi Bai International Airport is about a 45-minute taxi ride and a 15-minute taxi ride from the Hanoi Train Station. This top tourist spot lies between the Hoan Kiem Lake, Long Bien Bridge, the old city rampart and the old citadel walls. The spot used to be a snake and alligator-infested swamp that eventually became a complex of workshop villages. Over time, this place developed a reputation as a vibrant trading center of the Red River delta. Today, the Old Quarter is known for its old and unique architecture, vibrant history, culture and a reputation for a variety of handicraft wares.

The reputation of the Old Quarter over centuries has attracted many craftsmen to live and work here. These craftsmen and merchants producing similar goods gathered together in guilds and a system of production and transportation that developed over time. During the French colonization, the Old Quarter became a prosperous marketplace for trading between local and faraway merchants from China, India and France.

Today, tourists walk up and down these old streets to discover hidden treasures and interesting wares. Here is a general guide where one might find different things in Old Quarter:

• For fine China and porcelain ware, go to Bat Su St.
• For roasted fish, go to Cha Ca St.
• For silver and fine jewellery, go to Hang Bac St.
• For women’s accessories, go to Cau Go St.
• For shoes and sandals, go to Hang Dau St.
• For silk, go to Hang Gai St.
• For a variety of fruits, go to To Tich St.
• For combs, go to Hang Luoc St.
• For earthen jars, go to Hang Chinh St.
• For tour services, go to Ma May St.
• For candies, dry apricot and other delicacies, go to Hang Duong St.
• For fried and roasted sour pork hash, go to Tam Thuong lane on Hang Bong Street St.
• For bamboo products, go to Hang Buom St.

On top of that, local city-dwellers and tourists would frequent the night market that is held along four pedestrian streets – Hang Dao, Hang Ngang, Hang Duong and Dong Xuan Streets. The Old Quarter’s night market takes place in the evenings on Fridays to Sundays. The night market offers exotic street delicacies and local souvenirs at an incredibly affordable price.

How to get there

In order to reach the Old Quarter from Noi Bai International Airport, it is about 45-minute taxi ride and 15-minute taxi ride from the Hanoi Train Station. Generally, bus routes no.9 passes through the Old Quarter that originate from Bo Ho to Cau Giay.

Address: 14 Yên Thái, Cửa Đông, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Vietnam

Accommodation

1. Hanoi Old Quarter Hotel
Address: 2 Nguyễn Hữu Huân, Hàng Buồm, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội 100000, Vietnam
Phone: +84 243 9261 850

2. Hanoi La Siesta Diamond Hotel & Spa
Address: 32 Lò Sũ, Lý Thái Tổ, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 243 9351 632

3. Essence Palace Hotel
Address: 27-29 Gia Ngư St., Old Quarter, Hoan Kiem Dist., Hà Nội 100000, Vietnam
Phone: +84 243 9262 135

6. One Pillar Pagoda, Hanoi

One Pillar Pagoda

This One Pillar Pagoda is an ancient temple built by Emperor Ly Thai Tong who reigned between 1028 to 1054 CE. It was written in the imperial annals, the childless emperor dreamt that he met Quan The Am Bo Tat, the Goddess of Mercy, who placed in his arms, a male heir. Not long after, Ly Thai Tong married a peasant girl and gave birth to a son that became his heir. In gratitude, the emperor built the pagoda in the year 1049 CE.

The pagoda was built from wood upon a single stone pillar and was constructed to resemble a lotus flower that represents the bodhisattva, a symbol of purity which rises above a sea of suffering. The last act of the French before leaving Hanoi in 1954 was to destroy the original One Pillar Pagoda. However, the new government rebuilt the pagoda.

Quan The Am Bo Tat, the Goddess of Mercy

How to get there

The One Pillar Pagoda is in the park that lies behind the museum near Ba Dinh Square and this is along Ong Ich Kiem Street in the Ba Dinh District. This is right in the city, accessible via buses, taxis and motor taxis as well.

Address: Chùa Một Cột, Đội Cấn, Ba Đình, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 968 0865 29
Hours: 08:00-11:30 daily & 14:00-16:00 Tue-Thu, Sat & Sun

Accommodation

1. Hanoi Delight Hotel
Address: 93 Đội Cấn, Ba Dinh District, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 914 8899 59

2. Kuretake INN Kimma
Address: 132 Kim Mã, Ba Đình, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 439 8777 77

3. Hotel 24 Kim Ma
Address: No 65 Kim Ma street, Ba Dinh district, Hanoi, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 902 8893 33

7. Imperial City of Thang Long, Hanoi

Thang Long Imperial City

The imperial city of Thang Long was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010 and was opened to the public in 2012. The Imperial Citadel was the center of Vietnamese military power for over a millennium. There are ongoing excavation digs of the ancient palaces, old pavilions and imperial gates, littered throughout the city. These ancient sites are complemented with military command bunkers from the Vietnam War era and the exhibition showcase maps and 1960s radio equipment used by wartime Vietnamese General Vo Nguyen Giap.

How to get there

Thang Long is situated right in the heart of Hanoi, the Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long. Therefore, it is accessible with busses, taxis and motor taxi as well.

Address: Quán Thánh, Ba Đình, Hanoi, Vietnam
Phone: +84 904 4811 57
Entrance Fee: 30,000 VND per person
Hours: 08:00 to 17:00 daily except Mondays.

Accommodation

1. Thang Long Espana Hanoi Hotel
Address: 63 Nguyễn Trường Tộ, Nguyễn Trung Trực, Ba Đình, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 243 7163 233

2. Thang Long 2 Hotel
Address: 52 – 62 Cau Go Hoan Kiem – Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam
Phone: +84 438 2623 30

3. Sạn Thăng Long Opera
Address: 1C Phố Tông Đản, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 243 8244 776

8. Hoa Lo Prison Museum, Hanoi

Hoa Lo Prison Museum

The historic Hoa Lo Prison Museum was ironically nicknamed ‘Hanoi Hilton’ during the war by the American prisoners of war (POWs). The French built Hoa Lo Prison in 1896 and originally it was intended to house 450 inmates but by the 1930s there were close to 2000 prisoners. However, Hoa Lo was not a secure prison and hundreds of inmates escaped its walls over the years, many of whom squeezed through the sewer grates.

Most of the displays showcase the usage of the prison up to the mid-50s, which focus on the Vietnamese independence struggle from the French colonial masters. The relic from that period was the menacing French guillotine, used to behead countless Vietnamese revolutionaries and freedom fighters. Aside from that, there is also a display that focuses on the American pilots who were imprisoned at Hoa Lo during the war. Amongst them is Pete Peterson, who was the first US ambassador to a unified Vietnam in 1995 and Senator John McCain, the Republican nominee for the US presidency in 2008. The museum also had McCain’s flight suit on display alongside a photograph of Hanoi locals rescuing him from Truc Bach Lake after being shot down in 1967.

How to get there

The best way to get to Hoa Lo Prison is via taxi to 1 Pho Hoa Lo, which is right at the corner of Pho Ha Ba Trung, south of Hoan Kiem Lake on the outskirts of the French Quarter.

Address: 1 Hoả Lò, Trần Hưng Đạo, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 439 3422 53
Entrance Fee: 10,000 VND
Hours: 08:00 – 17:00

Accommodation

1. Somerset Grand Hanoi
Address: No 49 Hai Ba Trung Street, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 243 9342 342

2. Kuretake Inn Tho Nhuom 84 Hotel
Address: 84 Thợ Nhuộm, Trần Hưng Đạo, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 243 7847 777

3. Mövenpick Hotel Hanoi
Address: 83 Lý Thường Kiệt, Cửa Nam, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 438 2228 00

9. Ngoc Son Mountain, Hanoi

Ngoc Son Mountain

This name literally means the ‘Temple of the Jade Mountain’ and this is Hanoi’s most popular temple. This temple was built on a small island in the northern side of Hoan Kiem Lake and is connected to the shore by a red bridge built in classical Vietnamese style. This temple is dedicated to the triune of legendary Vietnamese personages – General Tran Hung Dao who was famed for defeating the Mongols in the 13th century, La To (a patron saint of physicians) and the erudite scholar Van Xuong.

Statues of General Tran Hung Dao, La To, and Van Xuong

How to get there

In order to get there, head towards the Old Quarter and specifically to the main post office, which is just next to the lake. Tickets to the temple are purchased at a booth located on the left-hand side before you cross the bridge.

Address: Dinh Tien Hoang St., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
Phone: +84 839 1005 55
Entrance fee: 20,000 VND
Hours: 08:00 – 17:00 Daily

Accommodation

1. Hanoi HM Boutique Hotel
Address: Số 3 Hàng Dầu, P. Hàng Bạc, Q. Hoàn Kiếm, Lý Thái Tổ, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội 100000, Vietnam
Phone: +84 24 3266 8586

2. Hanoi Pearl Hotel
Address: 6 Bảo Khánh Lane, Hàng Trống, Hà Nội, Hàng Trống, Vietnam
Phone: +84 243 9380 666

3. Golden Sun Villa Hotel
Address: 68 Hàng Trống, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Vietnam
Phone: +84 243 9386 269

10. Imperial City of Hue, Central Vietnam

Imperial City of Hue

The imperial complex of Hue has become a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is located in the city of Hue in central Vietnam. The first king of the Nguyen Dynasty, Gia Long established Hue as his capital in 1802. The dynasty ruled Vietnam under nine successive monarchs until 1945.

The sprawling imperial complex consists of hundreds of buildings and ruins like the Forbidden Purple City, which was once the royal residence of the imperial family but was badly damaged during the Vietnam War. The Imperial City also consists of the royal mausoleum, pagodas, temples, flag tower, library and the museum itself.

The city of Hue lies along the Huong or Fragrant River and is approximately a three-hour drive north of Da Nang. Among the great ancient monuments that stand within the imperial city is the Ngo Mon Gate, which was once exclusively used by the royal family and their eunuch servants. There is also the resplendent tomb of Emperor Minh Mang and Tu Duc that are worth visiting. Many of these buildings and monuments surrounding the imperial buildings were built in the early 19th century and were modeled after Beijing’s Forbidden City. The outer wall of the Imperial City is 6 meters high and runs for two-and-a-half kilometers long around the complex.

The entire complex is literally an open-air museum with its rich and intricate architecture and traditional landscaping. Hue is historically rich and worth a visit. However, one should avoid Hue during the rainy months from October to December as the northeastern monsoon brings torrential downpours. In addition, this small city offers its famous Imperial-style cuisine that is not to be missed.

How to get there

There are domestic flights or trains to Hue from either Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City.

Address: Huế, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Phone: +84 234 3501 143
Hours: 08:00–17:30

Entrance Fee – Single:

1. Hue Imperial Palace (Imperial City – Hue Museum of Royal Antiquities) ~ 150,000 VND
2. Tombs: Minh Mang, Tu Duc, Khai Dinh ~ 100,000 VND
3. Tombs: Gia Long Tomb, Thieu Tri Tomb, Dong Khanh Tomb; Hue Nam Shrine ~ 40,000 VND
4. An Dinh Residence; Nam Giao esplanade ~ 20,000 VND

Entrance Fee – Group:

1. Hue Imperial Palace (Imperial City – Hue Museum of Royal Antiquities) ~ 30,000 VND
2. Tombs: Minh Mang, Tu Duc, Khai Dinh 20,000 VND
3. Group of 3 sites: Hue Imperial Palace – Minh Mang Tomb – Khai Dinh Tomb ~ 55,000 VND
4. Group of 4 sites: Hue Imperial Palace – Minh Mang Tomb – Tu Duc – Khai Dinh Tomb ~ 70,000 VND

Accommodation

1. Sunny C Hotel
Address: 25 7, Hai Ba Trung Street, Hue 530000, Vietnam
Phone: +84 543 4966 2

2. Gold Hotel Hue
Address: 28 Ba Trieu Street, Hue, Vietnam
Phone: +84 947 6155 99

3. Hong Thien Hotel 1
Address: 35 / 6 Chu Van An, Hue 084, Vietnam
Phone: +84 234 3947 575

11. Hang Son Doong, Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park

Hang Son Doong

Hang Son Doong literally means Mountain River Cave and it is the world’s largest cave system and naturally, it offers some of the most spectacular subterranean views in all of South East Asia. In the past, it was prohibited to enter the cave but access was approved in June 2013 by the Vietnamese president for a specialist operator Son Trach to lead tours.

The cave is in a remote area such that it is not possible for it to be a day-trip destination. The only way such a trip can be possible is if it is a seven-day group expedition with around 16 porters assiting the operator. It costs US$3,000 per person and a team of 10 trekkers is required on each trip. This gigantic cave was actually recently discovered in the early 90’s when Ho Khanh, a hunter who lived in the jungle settlement near the Vietnam-Laos border, took shelter in it. In 2009, it was confirmed as the world’s largest cave when British explorers returned with Ho Khanh. The principal cavern is more than 5km long, 200m high and, in some sections of the cave, 150m wide.

Reaching this massive cavern is a challenge in itself and to do that, you have to cross over a vast mountainous barrier called the ‘Great Wall of Vietnam’, which divides the cave. Once this barrier is crossed, the scale of the massive cavern is revealed and even big enough for a battleship to sail through. There are sections on the ceiling that are punctured which allows sunlight to shine through illuminating the stunning formation of stalagmites that cover the floor. This is aptly called the Cactus Garden. Some stalagmites tower over 80 meters high and massive cave pearls measuring 10cm in diameter have been found in these caves. These magnificent pillars were formed by centuries of crystallization as moisture from the cave ceilings drip and mix with grains of sand. On the floor of the cave features ethereal rimstone pools which are also formed from drips of water from the ceiling of the cave.

How to get there

Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park is a protected area in north-central Vietnam bordering the Hin Namno Reserve in Laos. The area is only accessible via Oxalis Adventure Tours.

Address: Phong Nha Commune, Son Trach Village, Bo Trach District, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam
Hours: 7:30 – 12:00 & 13:30 – 17:30 (Monday – Saturday)
Phone: +84 232 3677 678
Email: contact@oxalis.com.vn

Accommodation

1. Thien Thanh Hotel
Address: ĐT20, Phong NHA, Sơn Trạch, Bố Trạch, Quảng Bình, Vietnam
Phone:: +84 232 3677 069

2. Jungle Boss Homestay
Address: ĐT20, Phong NHA, Sơn Trạch, Bố Trạch, Quảng Bình, Vietnam
Phone: +84 943 7480 41

3. Thanh Tam Restaurant and Hotel
Address: Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park, Sơn Trạch Town, Bố Trạch, Quảng Bình, Vietnam
Phone: +84 973 5516 81

12. Halong Bay, Northeastern Vietnam

Halong Bay

Halong Bay was designated World Heritage Site in 1994 and has been made famous for its picturesque landscape being used as backdrop for a recent slew of blockbuster movies such as Pan, Kong, Skull Island and some others. Halong Bay consists of a spectacular string of islands that are scattered with wave-eroded grottoes that make it one of the most beautiful places on earth and stamping this northern Vietnam destination as a favorite on the world tourism map. The bay features towering limestone pillars, small islands covered with lush green forest that rise from the depths of the emerald green waters of the Gulf of Tonkin.

The vibrant Halong City is the main gateway to the bay but its drab tall buildings belie the natural beauty of the bay. Most visitors normally go on cruise-tours that allows them to sleep on board around the bay. However, some tourists choose to avoid the main bay completely and head straight to Cat Ba Island in order to access the equally beautiful Lan Ha Bay.

How to get there

Most travellers book their Halong Bay tours in Hanoi. Here are some recommended operators:

• Vega Travel

Good-value overnight and two-night tours with comfortable cabins, and kayaking included.
Address: cnr P Ma May & 24a P Hang Bac, Hanoi
Phone: +84 439 2620 92
Website: www.vegatravel.vn

• Cat Ba Ventures

Tours of Cat Ba Island, Halong Bay and Lan Ha Bay.
Address: 223 Ð 1-4, Cat Ba Town
Phone: +84 313 1388 8755 / +84 912 4670 16
Website: www.catbaventures.com

• Indochina Sails

Traditional Chinese junk with modern conveniences.
Phone: +84 439 8423 62
Website: www.indochinasails.com

• Handspan Adventure Travel

Sailing ships and kayaking tours in nearby Lan Ha Bay.
Phone: +84 439 8423 62
Website: www.indochinasails.com

Accommodation

1. Novotel Ha Long Bay
Address: 160 Ha Long road, Bai Chay ward, Ha Long city, Quang Ninh, Ha Long City, Quảng Ninh 200000, Vietnam
Phone: +84 203 3848 108

2. City Bay Palace Hotel
Address: 156 Lê Thánh Tông, Hồng Gai, Tp. Hạ Long, Quảng Ninh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 203 3621 838

3. Paradise Suites Hotel
Address: Paradise Town, Tuan Chau Island, Halong Bay, Ha Long, Quảng Ninh 200000, Vietnam
Phone: +84 203 3815 088

13. Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, North-Central Vietnam

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park has also been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2003. This is due to the fact that it has the oldest karst mountains in Asia, which is a 400 million-year-old formation. The mountains are lined with hundreds of caverns, some of which are of breathtaking scale and length with the floor laced with underground rivers. In other words, Phong Nha is another hidden treasure for adventure-seekers.

Due to tourism, the Phong Nha region is rapidly developing. The primary village in the region is Son Trach with a population of 3,000. Although small, Son Trach has working ATMs, a spectrum of accommodation and eateries not to mention transportion links with other parts of central Vietnam. It is beyond a doubt that the caves are the region’s main attraction but there are other attractions like the forest trekking, the area’s historical war sites and rural mountain biking to occupy a visitor’s interest.

How to get there

Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park is a protected area in north-central Vietnam bordering the Hin Namno Reserve in Laos. The area is only accessible via Oxalis Adventure Tours.

Address: Phong Nha Commune, Son Trach Village, Bo Trach District, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam
Hours: 7:30 – 12:00 & 13:30 – 17:30 (Monday – Saturday)
Phone: +84 232 3677 678
Email: contact@oxalis.com.vn

Accommodation

1. Thien Thanh Hotel
Address: ĐT20, Phong NHA, Sơn Trạch, Bố Trạch, Quảng Bình, Vietnam
Phone: +84 232 3677 069

2. Jungle Boss Homestay
Address: ĐT20, Phong NHA, Sơn Trạch, Bố Trạch, Quảng Bình, Vietnam
Phone: +84 943 7480 41

3. Thanh Tam Restaurant and Hotel
Address: Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park, Sơn Trạch Town, Bố Trạch, Quảng Bình, Vietnam
Phone: +84 973 5516 81

14. Tan Ky House, Hoi An

Tan Ky House

This house was built over 200 years ago by a Vietnamese family and was subsequently passed down through 7 generations. The architecture reflects Japanese and Chinese influences with the Japanese element principally seen in the ceiling beams of the living area. The ceiling progressively cascades from taller into shorter beams, one on top of another. Beneath the ceiling are carvings of a pair of crossed sabres tied with a silk ribbon representing flexibility and force.

The darkened-wood panels of the interior are illuminated by lamps with Chinese poems carved on the pillars and inlaid with mother-of-pearl. The Chinese characters on these 150-year-old darkened panels consist of birds in various positions of midflight. The courtyard in the middle of the house allow sunlight to filter in and at the same time, ventilate the house and allows some greenery such as potted plants, into the house. It is also an area for the collection and drainage of rainwater as well. The wooden balcony surrounding the courtyard is strewn with grape leaves, an European import that attest to the melting pot of cultures that Hoi An is.

The rear end of the house faces the river and it used to be rented out to foreign merchants. There are marks on the wall that register the extent of flooding, like the 1964 flood that had a water level reaching almost the entire first floor. Two pulleys can be seen on the beam in the loft. They were used to move goods into storage and to raise furniture to protect them from the flood water. Essentially, the roof consists of ceramic tiles and the ceiling is constructed of wood panels and beams. This allow the house to kept cool during summer and warm during winter.

How to get there

It is near the famous Japanese Bridge of Hoi An, stroll down Bach Dang Street into Nguyen Thai Hoc Street.

Address: 101 Nguyễn Thái Học, Minh An, Tp. Hội An, Quảng Nam, Vietnam
Phone: +84 974 9989 68

Accommodation

1. Thanh Van 1 Hotel
Address: 78 Trần Hưng Đạo, Cẩm Phô, Tp. Hội An, Quảng Nam, Vietnam
Phone: +84 235 3916 916

Green Heaven Hoi An Resort & Spa
Address: 21 La Hối, An Hội, Cẩm Phô, Tp. Hội An, Quảng Nam, Vietnam
Phone: +84 235 3962 966

Vinh Hung Riverside Resort & Spa
Address: 111 Ngo Quyen, Hoi An, Quang Nam, Vietnam
Phone: +84 235 3910 393

15. Japanese Covered Bridge, Hoi An

Japanese Covered Bridge

This ornate little bridge has become the symbol of Hoi An. In 1590, the Japanese community built this bridge in order to link with the Chinese quarters. Over the centuries further adornment of the bridge has remained relatively faithful to the Japanese origins. The French flattened out the roadway for cars, but the original arched shape was restored in 1986. The bridge is due for a complete removal for repair purposes, so it is wise to check the status of the bridge prior to visiting.

The structure is very solidly constructed to withstand earthquakes and the entrances to the bridge are guarded by weathered statues: a pair of monkeys on one side, a pair of dogs on the other. According to one story, many of Japan’s emperors were born in the years of the Dog and Monkey. Another tale says that construction of the bridge started in the year of the Monkey and was finished in the year of the Dog. A stelae stands bearing the names of all Vietnamese and Chinese contributors to a subsequent restoration of the bridge, written in chu nho (Chinese characters) – the nom script had not yet become popular. While access to the Japanese Bridge is free, you have to surrender a ticket to see a small, unimpressive temple built into the bridge’s northern side. If you are challenged for simply crossing the bridge, politely explain that you are not there for the temple.

How to get there

The bridge is located at the west end of Tran Phu Street in Hoi An and is easily reached from the town centre.

Accommodation

1. Thanh Van 1 Hotel
Address: 78 Trần Hưng Đạo, Cẩm Phô, Tp. Hội An, Quảng Nam, Vietnam
Phone: +84 235 3916 916

2. Green Heaven Hoi An Resort & Spa
Address: 21 La Hối, An Hội, Cẩm Phô, Tp. Hội An, Quảng Nam, Vietnam
Phone: +84 235 3962 966

3. Vinh Hung Riverside Resort & Spa
Address: 111 Ngo Quyen, Hoi An, Quang Nam, Vietnam
Phone: +84 235 3910 393

16. Hang Nga Crazy House, Dalat

Hang Nga Crazy House

Hang Nga Crazy House is a private residence that is architecturally designed to be surreal. It has strange rooms connected by thin bridges that overlook vegetation. The rooms itself are of strange shapes and outlandish colors with spider web-shaped windows along with many organic elements such as handrails that are similar to jungle vines.

The architecture of this Crazy House is the product of Mrs. Dang Viet Nga’s imagination and has been a work in progress since 1990. Hang Nga has a PhD in architecture from Moscow and has since designed many other buildings around the Dalat area. Her earlier masterpiece that was dubbed ‘House with 100 Roofs’ was unfortunately demolished as a fire hazard and because the architecture was deemed antisocialist.

The Crazy House project was started by Hang Nga to bring people back to nature despite the fact that the new amendments to the house are increasingly more bizarre every year. But this time around, her illustrious father, the late Truong Chinh was the successor to Ho Chi Minh and became Vietnam’s second president from 1981 until his death in 1988. There’s a memorial shrine to her father in the lounge area of the ground floor. The strange architecture is unfortunately not child safe and parents would have to keep a vigilant eye on their children while visiting the house.

How to get there

The Hang Nga Crazy House is in Dalat city and can be accessed via taxis and buses. The house is also a guesthouse that one can book with a variety of rooms that features its quirky architecture.

Address: 03 Huynh Thuc Khang Street,Ward 4, Dalat City 67000,Lam Dong, Trần Phú, Phường 4, Tp. Đà Lạt, Lâm Đồng, Vietnam
Phone: +84 263 3822 070
Hours: 08:30 –19:00 Daily
Website: http://www.crazyhouse.vn/

17. My Son, Central Vietnam

My Son is Vietnam’s most extensive remains of an ancient city that was built by the Cham people. The backdrop of My Son is set in a lush jungle valley, with Hon Quap or Cat’s Tooth Mountain overlooking it. Unfortunately, the temple ruins are in poor shape with only 20 structures still standing today. In the past there were at least 68 that stood their spot there. Nevertheless, the beautiful setting of this ancient site, surrounded by streams is still enchanting.

In ancient times, My Son was the intellectual, cultural and religious center of the Champa Kingdom and parts of it may have served as tombs of the Cham monarchs. The French rediscovered this site and restored parts of the complex in the late 19th century but American bombing during the war devastated the temples. Today, it is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage site.

How to get there

Most travellers to My Son go on tours. The ruins are relatively small and therefore, visitors can overrun the park.

• VM Travel

Address: 228A Nguyen Duy Hieu, Cam Chau, Hoi An city
Phone: +84 023 4393 1747

• Simply Vietnam Travel

Address: 287 Nguyen Duy Hieu St Hoi An, Vietnam
Phone: +84 121 3553 385

Accommodation

1. Thanh Van 1 Hotel
Address: 78 Trần Hưng Đạo, Cẩm Phô, Tp. Hội An, Quảng Nam, Vietnam
Phone: +84 235 3916 916

2. Green Heaven Hoi An Resort & Spa
Address: 21 La Hối, An Hội, Cẩm Phô, Tp. Hội An, Quảng Nam, Vietnam
Phone: +84 235 3962 966

3. Vinh Hung Riverside Resort & Spa
Address: 111 Ngo Quyen, Hoi An, Quang Nam, Vietnam
Phone: +84 235 3910 393

18. Sapa, Northwestern Vietnam

Sapa

Sapa was originally established as a hill station during the French occupation of Vietnam. However, Sapa today is one of the most popular tourist destinations in northwest Vietnam.

The location where Sapa sits makes the most out of the spectacular views on a clear sunny day. The town overlooks a deep valley with mountains towering high from all sides. Stunning views like this are often masked by thick mist from the peaks. To add to its beauty, the local hill-tribe people fill the town with lots of color. Unfortunately, modern development has mushroomed all over and thus, city-like skyline now threatens to overtake the natural landscape. Nonetheless, most tourists are not here to hang out in town.

This is the main trekking base for northern Vietnam and where trekkers start their adventure before going out into the surrounding countryside. Sapa features cascading green rice terraces and quaint hill-tribe villages and its real charm lies among these lush fields.

How to get there

Sapa is up in the mountains with no airport, which makes it accessible by road with buses and taxis. The most popular way to get to Sapa from Hanoi is via overnight train.

Accommodation

1. Sapa Panorama Hotel
Address: 10 Hoang Dieu street, Sapa, Lào Cai, Vietnam
Phone: +84 214 3771 535

2. Sapa Eden Hotel
Address: 64 Phanxipang Road, tt. Sa Pa, Sa Pa, Sa Pả, Vietnam
Phone: +84 214 3873 663

3. Victoria Sapa Resort & Spa
Address: Xuân Viên, tt. Sa Pa, Sa Pa, Lào Cai, Vietnam
Phone: +84 214 3871 522

19. Nha Trang, Southern Vietnam

Nha Trang

Nha Trang is a high-energy beach resort with a stunning setting. This city is circled by a string of hills and a sweeping crescent-shaped beach. The turquoise bay is sprinkled with lush tropical islands.

The city’s shoreline has seen massive transformation in recent years. It is now lined with sculptured gardens and quiet parks along the impressive promenade. In contrast, along the city streets unfold a large array of boutiques and a broad range of dining options. After hours, nightlife begins in central Nha Trang where most of the clubs are. Much of the clubs cater to the many Russian and Chinese tourists. Another option is the traditional spa treatment with a visit to a mudbath.

How to get there

Nha Trang is a high-energy beach resort with a stunning setting. There are flights to Nha Trang from Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi as well. Alternatively, one can take the bus or train from Ho Chi Minh

Accommodation

1. Novotel Nha Trang
Address: 50 Tran Phu Street, Tp. Nha Trang, 652076, Vietnam
Phone: +84 258 6256 900

2. Sunrise Nha Trang Beach Hotel & Spa
Address: 12 14 Trần Phú Str., City,, Tp. Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
Phone: +84 583 8209 99

3. Sheraton Nha Trang Hotel & Spa
Address: 26-28 Tran Phu Street, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
Phone: +84 258 3880 000

20. Po Nagar Towers, Southern Vietnam

Po Nagar Towers

These four towers were built during the period between the 7th to the 12th centuries CE. Cham, Chinese and Vietnamese Buddhists are still actively worshipping at these four Cham Towers. The complex originally had seven or eight towers, but only four towers still stand. The largest, a 28m-high North Tower that’s known by the name Thap Chinh, dates back to 817 CE with its magnificent terraced pyramidal roof, vaulted ceiling and vestibule. These towers stand on a granite hill 2km north of central Nha Trang on the banks of the Cai River.

Archaeologists say that this site was used for worship as early as the 2nd century CE. In 774 CE, the invading Javanese destroyed the original wooden structure. A brick and stone temple was subsequently built over the site, the first of its kind in 784 CE. The towers enshrine Yang Ino Po Nagar, the patron goddess of the Dua (Liu) clan, which ruled over the southern part of the Cham kingdom. There are numerous inscribed stone slabs scattered throughout the temple complex, which describes history, religion offering glimpses into the spiritual life and social hierarchy of the ancient Cham people.

Po Nagar Towers

All four of the towers face the eastern direction, as did the original entrance to the complex, which is on the right side as you ascend the hill. In ancient times, devotees would have to shuffle through the pillared meditation hall and today, the remains of 10 pillars can still be seen before ascending up the steep staircase that leads up to the towers. In 918 CE, King Indravarman III installed a gold mukha-linga image, which is a carved phallus with a painted face in the North Tower but Khmer raiders stole it. A repetition of stolen or destroyed statues followed by their replacement continued until 965 CE, when King Jaya Indravarman IV replaced the missing mukha-linga with the stone figure of the goddess Uma (Shakti, or female consort of Shiva), which remains to this day.

Above the entrance to the Northern Tower is a carving of a dancing four-armed Shiva accompanied by two celestial musicians on each side with one dancing upon the head of the bull, Nandin. The sandstone doorpost and the walls inside the vestibule are covered with inscriptions. An old gong and drum is placed under the pyramid-like ceiling of the vestibule. In the main hall of the tower enshrines a stone statue of the goddess Uma with 10 arms, two of which are hidden beneath her vest as she sits and leans against a fearsome beast.

Yang Ino Po Nagar, the patron goddess of the Dua (Liu) clan

The Central Tower or Thap Nam was constructed in the 12th century partly with bricks taken from an earlier structure dating from the 7th century. It is less refined when compared with the other towers and the structure has less decoration. Even the pyramidal roof is not terraced but the simple exterior hides an interior where the altars were once layered with silver. A linga is enshrined within the main hall.

The South Tower or Mieu Dong Nam is dedicated to Sandhaka or Shiva and it still enshrines a linga, while the richly ornamented Northwest Tower or Thap Tay Bac was originally dedicated to Ganesh. A museum with a small collection of Cham stonework is at the rear end of the temple. In order to get to Po Nagar Towers from central Nha Trang, take Ð Quang Trung (which becomes Ð 2 Thang 4) north across the Ha Ra and Xom Bong Bridges. Po Nagar Towers is also accessible via the Tran Phu Bridge along the beachfront road. The towers continue to be worshipped and so you would have to remove your shoes before entering.

How to get there

In order to get to the temple from central Nha Trang, take a taxi towards Ð Quang Trung road (which becomes Ð 2 Thang 4) north across the Ha Ra and Xom Bong Bridges. Po Nagar can also be reached via the Tran Phu Bridge along the beachfront road.

Address: 2 Tháng 4, Vĩnh Phước, Tp. Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa 650000, Vietnam
Hours: 07:00 –19:00 daily
Entrance Fee: VND 12,000

Accommodation

1. Novotel Nha Trang
Address: 50 Tran Phu Street, Tp. Nha Trang, 652076, Vietnam
Phone: +84 258 6256 900

2. Sunrise Nha Trang Beach Hotel & Spa
Address: 12 14 Trần Phú Str., City,, Tp. Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
Phone: +84 583 8209 99

3. Sheraton Nha Trang Hotel & Spa
Address: 26-28 Tran Phu Street, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
Phone: +84 258 3880 000

Travel Books on Vietnam

Lonely Planet Vietnam. Click to enlarge. Lonely Planet Vietnam has the most updated and suitable travel advice on what to see along with tips to experience Vietnam off the beaten track. Immerse yourself in Hanoi’s Old Quarter, kayak your way along Halong Bay’s glistening limestone peaks or stroll down charming Hoi An with your amazing Lonely Planet companion. Vietnam awaits you!

DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Vietnam and Angkor Wat. Click to enlarge. This is the Winner of the Top Guidebook Series in the Wanderlust Reader Travel Awards 2017. The DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Vietnam & Angkor Wat delivers you straight to the best place and best things to do in Vietnam and Angkor. It could exploring the famous Halong Bay, ancient cities of Hue, bustling Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City or Vietnam’s great islands and beaches. This accessible DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Vietnam & Angkor Wat provides the most relevant information on all the major attractions at these places to make the best of your trip.

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