Is Buddhism a Theory or a Philosophy?
From TheBuddhism.Net
The enlightenment of the Buddha is not a product of mere intellect.
During the time of the Buddha there were many learned men in India who pursued knowledge simply for its own sake. These people were full of theoretical knowledge. Indeed, some of them went from city to city challenging anyone to a debate and their greatest thrill was to defeat an opponent in such verbal combats. But the Buddha said that such people were no nearer to the realization of the truth because in spite of their cleverness and knowledge they did not have true wisdom to overcome greed, hatred and delusion. In fact, these people were often proud and arrogant. Their egoistic concepts disturbed the religious atmosphere.
According to the Buddha, one must first seek to understand one’s own mind. This was to be done through concentration which gives one a profound inner wisdom or realization. And this insight is to be gained not by philosophical argument or worldly knowledge but by the silent realization of the illusion of the Self.
Buddhism is a righteous way of life for the peace and happiness of every living being. It is a method to get rid of miseries and to find liberation. The Teachings of the Buddha are not limited to one nation or race. It is neither a creed nor a mere faith. It is a Teaching for the entire universe. It is a Teaching for all time. Its objectives are selfless service, good-will, peace, salvation and deliverance from suffering.
Salvation in Buddhism is an individual affair. You have to save yourself just as you have to eat, drink and sleep by yourself. The advice rendered by the Buddha points the Way to liberation; but His advice was never intended to be taken as a theory or philosophy. When He was questioned as to what theory He propounded, the Buddha replied that He preached no theories and whatever he did preach was a result of His own experience. Thus His Teaching does not offer any theory. Theory cannot bring one nearer to spiritual perfection. Theories are the very fetters that bind the mind and impede spiritual progress. The Buddha said, ‘Wise men give no credence to passing theories. They are past believing everything they see and hear.’
Theories are product of the intellect and the Buddha understood the limitations of the human intellect. He taught that enlightenment is not a product of mere intellect. One cannot achieve emancipation by taking an intellectual course. This statement may seem irrational but it is true. Intellectuals tend to spend too much of their valuable time in study, critical analysis and debate. They usually have little or no time for practice.
A great thinker(philosopher, scientist, metaphysician, etc.) can also turn out to be an intelligent fool. He may be an intellectual giant endowed with the power to perceive ideas quickly and to express thoughts clearly. But if he pays no attention to his action and their consequences, and if he is only bent on fulfilling his own longings and inclinations at any cost then, according to the Buddha, he is an intellectual fool, a man of inferior intelligence. Such a person will indeed hinder his won spiritual progress.
The Buddha’s Teaching contains practical wisdom that cannot be limited to theory or to philosophy because philosophy deals mainly with knowledge but it is not concerned with translating the knowledge into day-to-day practices.
Buddhism lays special emphasis on practice and realization. The philosopher sees the miseries and disappointments of life but, unlike the Buddha, he offers no practical solution to overcome our frustrations which are part of the unsatisfactory nature of life. The philosopher merely pushes his thoughts to dead ends. Philosophy is useful because it has enriched our intellectual imagination and diminished dogmatic assurance which closes the mind to further progress. To that extent, Buddhism values philosophy, but it has failed to quench spiritual thirst.
Remember that the chief aim of a Buddhist is to attain purity and enlightenment. Enlightenment vanquishes ignorance which is the root of birth and death. However, this vanquishing of ignorance cannot be achieved except by the exercise of one’s confidence. All other attempts, especially mere intellectual attempts are not very effective. This is why the Buddha concluded: ‘These [metaphysical]questions are not calculated to profit; they are not concerned with the Dhamma; they do not lead to right conduct, or to detachment, or to purification from lusts, or to quietude, or to a calm heart, or to real knowledge, or to higher insight, or to Nibbana.’ (Malunkyaputta Sutta _ Majjhima Nikaya) In place of metaphysical speculation, the Buddha was more concerned with teaching a practical understanding of the Four Noble Truths that he discovered: what Suffering is: what the origin of Suffering is; what the cessation of Suffering is; how to overcome Suffering and realize final Salvation. These Truths are all practical matters to be fully understood and realized by anyone who really experiences emancipation.
Enlightenment is the dispelling of ignorance; it is the ideal of the Buddhist life. We can now clearly see that enlightenment is not an act of the intellect. Mere speculation has something alien to it and does not come so intimately into contact with life. This is why the Buddha placed great emphasis on personal experience. Meditation is a practical scientific system to verify the Truth that comes through personal experience. Through meditation, the will tries to transcend the condition it has put on itself, and this is the awakening of consciousness. Metaphysics merely ties us down in a tangled and matted mass of thoughts and words.
Source : www.sinc.sunysb.edu
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I did a search on my favorite phrase in this article – “Through meditation, the will tries to transcend the condition it has put on itself, and this is the awakening of consciousness.”; and found that this article is likely written by the late Chief Rev. Venerable K.Sri Dhammananda of the Maha Viraha in Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur. How interesting.
I attended a talk by the late chief many years back when I was back from summer holidays. And I asked him about the various buddhist traditions and the answer he gave was interesting there was invasion of india by the Moghuls and the Moghuls thought buddhist monasteries were castles of forts for defenses and laid siege to them. And they came upon the huge libraries of dharma scriptures and texts, and the general or king asked his followers which book is the correct one, our one book or all these books.
Buddhist texts took three months to be burnt completely, hence without much or sufficient information held by a monastery up till now, the emergence of Mahayana and tantric practices prevalent in India in those days is relatively unknown to most Buddhists. But thankfully many teachings were preserved in Tibet which experienced much isolation until the Chinese invasion in the 50’s.
Buddhism is a way out from endless suffering, using it for any other purpose will seem to be using (lack of a better word) for a much smaller potential than what it is meant to be.
I see Buddhism as not just a theory or a philosophy but as a way of life. The Buddhistic view of impermanence and such is a key factor in our existence thus Buddhism is NOT a theory. All that is taught by the Buddha has been or can be proven. Thus, they are not just mere theories but rather philosophical insights and signs of extreme intellect.