A thangka of Palden Lhamo with Drubkhang Gelek Gyatso as the top central figure. Image credit: himalayanart.org. Click on image to enlarge.

b.1641 – d.1713

Tradition: Geluk དགེ་ལུགས།
Geography: Ladakh
Institution: Sera Monastery སེ་ར།; Tashilhunpo བཀྲ་ཤིས་ལྷུན་པོ།; Purbuchok ཕུར་བུ་ལྕོག།; Rakadrak Hermitage ར་ཁ་བྲག་རི་ཁྲོད།; Sera Utse སེ་ར་དབུ་རྩེ།
Name Variants: Gelek Gyatso དགེ་ལེགས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།; Migza དམིག་ས།

Drubkhang Gelek Gyatso (grub khang dge legs rgya mtsho) was born in a poor family in Zanskar (zangs dkar) in Ladakh in 1641, the iron-snake year of the eleventh sexagenary cycle in 1641. His father, was called Guru Konchok (gu ru dkon mchog) and his mother was named Bumochok (bu mo mchog). He was called Mikza (dmig za) in his childhood. His father died when he was six years old and his mother suffered from tuberculosis, forcing him to spend his youth nursing her; while serving her he learned reading and recitation of prayers texts at home. When Gelek Gyatso reached seventeen his mother died. He completed the funeral and cremation rites and rituals as per the local Buddhist tradition.

Soon thereafter young Migza travelled to a monastery named Jampa Ling Monastery (byams pa gling) in Tibet and received the vows of upasaka from Lobpon Lobzang Lekpa (slon dpon blo bzang legs pa, d.u.) and studied there for about two years. He then travelled to U-Tsang for further studies, and on his way he had audience of the Fourth Panchen Lama Lobzang Chokyi Gyeltsen (paN chen bla ma 04 blo bzang chos kyi rgyal mtshan, 1570-1662) in Tashilhunpo. He then proceeded to Shang Gotsang (shangs rgod tshang) and received his novice ordination from Drungpa Tsondru Gyeltsen (drung pa brtson ‘grus rgyal mtshan, d.u.), who gave him the name Gelek Gyatso.

The Fourth Panchen Lama, Lobzang Chokyi Gyeltsen. Click on image to enlarge. Image credit: himalayanart.org

After spending a short period at Sera, following the recommendation from Drungpa Tsondru Gyeltsen, Gelek Gyatso enrolled in Dakpo Monastery (dwags po grwa tshang) and studied under the tutorship of Jetsun Lodro Tenpa (rje brtsun blo gros brtan pa, d.u.) and Lhading Lobzang Dondup (lha sdings blo bzang don grub, d.u.); and also many other scholars at the monastery. He studied the traditional texts for sixteen years starting with the primary dialectical topics and logic followed by the traditional courses in Parnamavartika, Abhisamayalamkara, Madhyamaka, Vinaya, and Abhidharmakosha.

The administration of Dakpo sought to appoint him to the post of disciplinarian (dge bskos), but Gelek Gyatso refused, leaving the monastery rather than accept the post. He returned to study with Drungpa Tsondru Gyeltsen in Gotsang and he received the vows of full ordination. He also received empowerment, transmission, and commentarial teachings on Lamrim, the Wensa Nyengyu (dben sa snyan brgyud), Ganden Mahamudra (dga’ ldan phyag chen), Six Dharmas of Naropa (nA ro chos drug) and so forth from Tapukpa Lobzang Damcho Gyeltsen (rta phug pa blo bzang dam chos rgyal mtshan, b. 1595/1607). Drungpa Tsondru Gyeltsen instructed Gelek Gyatso to return to Dakpo and properly apply to leave the monastery, which he did, and was officially relieved after giving a commentarial teaching to the monks on Tsongkhapa‘s Differentiation of the Interpretable and the Definitive (drang nges rnam ‘byed).

Following Drungpa Tsondru Gyeltsen’s death, Gelek Gyatso received teachings at Tashilhunpo from Tapukpa and the Mongolian lama Kachen Lobzang Dondup (hor dka’ chen blo bzang don grub, d.u.) who were disciples of the late Drungpa. He also received teachings from many other lamas including Lama Rinchen Dondup (bla ma rin chen don grub), Rego Acarya (re sgo a tsa ra), Zhelnga Chopel Gyatso (zhal snga chos ‘phel rgya mtsho, d.u.) and others. He also received many teachings, transmissions, esoteric instructions, and empowerment relating to Chod from Lobpon Jampa Choden (slob dpon byams pa chos ldan, d.u.) and other tantric teachers.

19th Century painting of Machig Labdron as a wisdom dakini. Image credit: himalayanart.org. Click on image to enlarge.

Gelek Gyatso remained for a time in Tashilhunpo and then proceeded to Lhasa and met the abbot of Sera Je, Joten Sonam Gyeltsen (se ra byes mkhan po jo stan bsod nams rgyal mtshan, d.u.) who showed him a meditation center (sgrub khang) in the mountains behind the Sera Monastery and recommended he stay there. He resided at the center until he was about fifty years old, leaving Sera some time after 1692. He travelled to Olkha (‘ol kha), Gyel (rgyal), Dakpo (dwags po), Tsari (tsa ri), and many more places for pilgrimage as an itinerant lama.

In 1705 Gelek Gyatso returned to Sera and established the first of his three hermitages above Sera at Sera Utse (se ra dbu rtse), with a capacity for about seventeenth monks. At the site was a retreat hut occupied first by Tsongkhapa who did a retreat there; Gelek Gyatso was advised to practice there by his teacher, the Sera abbot Joten Sonam Gyeltsen. At a cave at Purchok named Dochung Chongzhi (rdo cung cong zhi) he built a temple of the deities of the three families (rigs gsum mgon po’i lha khang), which he later expanded to a hermitage named Purbuchok (phur lcog sgrub khang). The cave was said to have been a practice site of Padmasambhava, and the site where the Tselpa Kagyu founder Zhang Yudrakpa (zhang g.yu brag pa, 1123-1193) later established a practice center. According to local history, during Gelek Gyatso’s wandering of the previous decade he visited Machik Labdron‘s (ma gcig labs sgron, 1055-1149) center of Zangri Karmar (zangs ri khang dmar). The night before he arrived there he dreamed of a man wearing a black hat who told him that in a place called Dode (dog bde), where there was a white stupa, he needed to build a house. The next day he saw a statue of Machik Labdron’s grandson, Tonyon Samdrub (thod smyon bsam grub, d.u.) and recognized him as the man in his dream. Later, back at Sera, after he had settled at Sera Utse, he began looking for the white stupa, and ultimately identified it as the narrow peak of Purchok.

Lama Tsongkhapa with his two principal students, Gyaltsabje on the left and Khedrubje on the right. Image credit: himalayanart.org. Click on image to enlarge.

The third hermitage was Rakadrak (ra kha brag), for twelve monks, built around caves associated with Tsongkhapa Lobzang Drakpa (tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa, 1357-1419), Khedrubje Gelek Pelzang (mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang, 1385-1438), and Gyeltsabje Darma Rinchen (rgyal tsab rje dar ma rin chen, 1364-1432). To administer these three hermitages he composed the Drubde Constitution (sgrub sde’i bca’ yig)­. Presumably it was after the establishment of these three hermitages, or Drubkhang (sgrub khang) that he came to be known as Drubkhang Gelek Gyatso.

Among Drubkhang Gelek Gyatso’s many disciples the most prominent was Purchok Ngawang Jampa (phur lcog ngag dbang byams pa, 1682-1762) from Chamdo, whom he appears to have met first in 1699 and to whom he entrusted the Purchok hermitage. Other disciples included Khardo Zopa Gyatso (mkhar rdo bzod pa rgya mtsho, 1672-1749), the founder of Khardo Hermitage near Purchok; Ngawang Chokden, an abbot of Gyume College (rgyud smad mkhan po ngag dbang mchog ldan, d.u.); the Forty-Ninth Ganden Tripa, Trichen Lobzang Dargye (dga’ ldan khri rabs 49 co ne blo bzang dar rgyas, 1662-1723); and the Twenty-fifth abbot of Kumbum, Ngawang Tenpa (sku ‘bum khri 25 ngag dbang bstan pa, 1683-1746).

He composed a text entitled “Drang ba dang nges pa’i don rnam par ‘byed pa’i bstan bcos legs par bshad pa’i snyin po’i dgongs pa’i don gsal bar byed pa’i me long”. ­­He also wrote Drubde Constitution (sgrub sde’i bca’ yig)­ for the three practice centers founded by him. According to sources he also composed a Gurma (mgur ma), a poetic religious song.

Drubkhang Gelek Gyatso passed into nirvana in the water-snake year of the twelfth sexagenary cycle in 1713 at the age of seventy-three.

Teachers

• dkon mchog rgyal mtshan དཀོན་མཆོག་རྒྱལ་མཚན། b.1612 – d.1687
• blo bzang legs pa བློ་བཟང་ལེགས་པ།
• blo gros brtan pa བློ་གྲོས་བརྟན་པ།
• blo bzang don grub བློ་བཟང་དོན་གྲུབ།
• rin chen don grub རིན་ཆེན་དོན་གྲུབ།
• re sgo A tsa ra རེ་སྒོ་ཨཱ་ཙ་ར།
• chos ‘phel rgya mtsho ཆོས་འཕེལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ།
• blo bzang dam chos rgyal mtshan བློ་བཟང་དམ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན།
• brtson ‘grus rgyal mtshan བརྩོན་འགྲུས་རྒྱལ་མཚན། b.1567 – d.1650
• ‘jam dbyangs grags pa འཇམ་དབྱངས་གྲགས་པ།
• rin chen don grub རིན་ཆེན་དོན་གྲུབ།
• The Forty-Sixth Ganden Tripa, Jinpa Gyatso དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ ༤༦ སྦྱིན་པ་རྒྱ་མཚོ། b.1629 – d.1695
• byams pa chos ldan བྱམས་པ་ཆོས་ལྡན།

Students

• Khardo Zopa Gyatso མཁར་རྡོ་བཟོད་པ་རྒྱ་མཚོ། b.1672 – d.1749
• The First Purchok, Ngawang Jampa ཕུར་ལྕོག ༠༡ ངག་དབང་བྱམས་པ། b.1682 – d.1762
• ngag dbang mchog ldan ངག་དབང་མཆོག་ལྡན།
• blo bzang dar rgyas བློ་བཟང་དར་རྒྱས། b.1659 – d.1737
• blo bzang rab brtan བློ་བཟང་རབ་བརྟན། b.1683 – d.1766
• The Fifty-Second Ganden Tripa, Ngawang Tsepel དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ ༥༢ ངག་དབང་ཚེ་འཕེལ། b.1668 – d.1734
• ngag dbang bstan pa ངག་དབང་བསྟན་པ། b.1683 – d.1746
• The Sixty-Eighth Ganden Tripa, Lobzang Gelek དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ ༦༨ བློ་བཟང་དགེ་ལེགས། b.1757 – d.1816
• The Second Kondor Tulku, Lobzang Wangchuk དཀོན་རྡོར་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ ༠༢ བློ་བཟང་དབང་ཕྱུག། b.1689 – d.1758

Bibliography

• Cabezón, José Ignacio. 2006. The Hermitages of Sera. Charlottesville: The Tibetan and Himalayan Digital Library, pp. 13-15;
• Don rdor and bstan ‘dzin chos grags. 1993. Gangs ljongs lo rgyus thog gig rags can mi sna. Lhasa: Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, pp. 682-684.
• Grags pa ‘byungs gnas and Blo bzang mkhas grub. 1992. Gangs can mkhas sgrub rim byon ming mdzod. Lanzhou: Kan su’u mi rigs dpe skrun khang, pp. 426-427.
• Ye shes rgyal mtshan. 198?. Rje sgrub khang pa dge legs rgya mtsho’i rnam thar. In Lam rim bla ma brgyud pa’i rnam thar, vol. 2, pp. 284-302. ‘Bar khams: Rnga khul bod yig rtsom sgyur cus. Also published in 1990 in Lhasa by the Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, pp. 657-671.

Source: Samten Chhosphel, “Drubkhang Gelek Gyatso,” Treasury of Lives, accessed July 28, 2018, http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Drubkhangpa-Gelek-Gyatso/1586.

Samten Chhosphel is an independent scholar with PhD from the Central University of Tibetan Studies (CUTS) at Sarnath, Varanasi, India. He has a Master’s degree in Writing and Publishing from Emerson College, Boston, MA. After serving as the In-charge of Publication Department of CUTS for 26 years, he immigrated to the United States in 2009 and is currently an adjunct Assistant Professor at the City University of New York, and Language Associate in Columbia University.

Published September 2010

Disclaimer: All rights are reserved by the author. The article is reproduced here for educational purposes only.

Source: https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Gelek-Gyatso/TBRC_P1005. Click on image to enlarge.

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