The Fifth Panchen Lama, Lobzang Yeshe
པཎ་ཆེན་བླ་མ ༠༥ བློ་བཟང་ཡེ་ཤེས།
b.1663 – d.1737
Incarnations: Panchen Lama པཎ་ཆེན་བླ་མ།
Tradition: Gelug དགེ་ལུགས།
Geography: Shigatse གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ།
Historical Period: 17th Century ༡༧ དུས་རབས། / 18th Century ༡༨ དུས་རབས།
Institution: Tashilhunpo བཀྲ་ཤིས་ལྷུན་པོ།; Chakpori ལྕགས་པོ་རི།; Potala པོ་ཏ་ལ།
Clan: Dru འདྲུ།
Offices Held: Twenty-seventh Khenchen of Zhalu
Name Variants: Lobzang Yeshe བློ་བཟང་ཡེ་ཤེས།; Lobzang Yeshe Pelzangpo བློ་བཟང་ཡེ་ཤེས་དཔལ་བཟང་པོ།; Panchen 05 Lobzang Yeshe པཎ་ཆེན ༠༥ བློ་བཟང་ཡེ་ཤེས།
The Fifth Panchen Lama, Lobzang Yeshe (paN chen 02 blo bzang ye shes) was born in 1663, on the fifteenth day of seventh month of the water-rabbit year of the eleventh sexagenary cycle in Tobgyel (thob rgyal) in Tsang. His father was Sonam Wangdrak (bsod nams dbang grags, d.u.) and his mother was named Tsetan Butri (tshe brtan bu khrid, d.u.); the family belonged to the Dru (‘bru) family, one of the five main lineages of the Bon tradition.
In 1668, at the age of four, he was recognized by the Fifth Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobzang Gyatso (ta la’i bla ma 05 ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho, 1617-1682) as the reincarnation of his teacher, the Fourth Panchen Lama, Lobzang Chokyi Gyeltsen (paN chen 04 blo bzang chos kyi rgyal mtshan, 1570-1662). He was enthroned at Tashilhunpo (bkra shis lhun po) monastery in Shigatse.
Lobzang Yeshe is enumerated as either the Fifth or the Second Panchen Lama due there being two systems in Tibet, one held by the Ganden Podrang (which held Lobzang Chokyi Gyeltsen to be the First Panchen, and that of Tashilhunpo, which counted three lamas — Khedrubje Gelek Pelzang (mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang, 1385-1438), Sonam Chokyi Langpo (bsod nams phyogs kyi glang po, 1439-1505), and Wensapa Lobzang Dondrub (dben sa pa blo bzang don grub, 1505-1566) — to be the First, Second, and Third Panchen, respectively. The custom of the Treasury of Lives is to count Chokyi Gyeltsen as the Fourth, and Lobzang Yeshe as the Fifth Panchen Lama, following popular convention.
Soon after the enthronement, the prominent teacher Lobzang Tendzin (blo bzang bstan ‘dzin, d.u.), was invited to tutor Lobzang Yeshe in basic writing and reading. In 1669, the general manager of Tashilhunpo, Gendun Tsultrim (dge ‘dun tshul khrims, d.u.) reported to the Fifth Dalai Lama on the considerable offerings given to the Fifth Panchen, which included many tons of grain, ninety-two horses, and forty dzo, by the monastic communities of Sera, Drepung, Ganden, and other monasteries across Tibet.
In 1670, at the age of eight, Lobzang Yeshe visited the Fifth Dalai Lama at the Potala Palace in Lhasa. The Dalai Lama gave him lay vows and the name by which he is known, Lobzang Yeshe Pelzangpo (blo bzang ye shes dpal bzang po), and he offered him gifts of thirty five fine horses, golden and silver saddles and genuine pearls. During the boy’s two months in Lhasa the Fifth Dalai Lama gave him transmission in the Manjusrinamasamgiti and a Sitatapatra long-life empowerment. Around July 1670 both received gifts from the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty via the Tibetan envoy Sanggye Gyeltsen (sangs rgyas rgyal mtshan, d.u.). With the advice to study the writings of Tsongkhapa, the Fifth Dalai Lama sent Lobzang Yeshe back to Tsang.
In 1684, at the age of twenty-one, having trained in Buddhist doctrine and practice for over a decade, the time had come for the Fifth Panchen Lama to received full ordination. The steward of Tashilhunpo was sent to Lhasa to make arrangements. However, the Dalai Lama’s Regent, Desi Sanggye Gyatso (sde srid sangs rgyas rgya mtsho, 1653-1705), who was then concealing the Fifth Dalai Lama’s death, sent him away with the suggestion that Lobzang Yeshe be ordained by other lamas. Thus, at the age of twenty-two, Panchen Lobzang Yeshe took monastic vows from the abbot of Tashilhunpo’s Tantric College, Konchok Gyeltsen (dkon mchog rgyal mtshan, d.u.).
Over a decade later, in 1697, Panchen Lobzang Yeshe received a letter from Desi Sanggye Gyatso acknowledging his deception around the death of the Fifth Dalai Lama. Claiming that he had acted under orders from the Fifth, he informed Lobzang Yeshe that he had sent an embassy to inform the Kangxi Emperor and was preparing to invite the Fifth Dalai Lama’s reincarnation to Lhasa. Soon afterwards the Fifth Panchen received a second message stating that the reincarnation of the Fifth had already arrived in Tsosankha (mtsho san kha); he requested that the Panchen Lama invite the boy to Tashilhunpo and give him lay vows.
Thus in August of 1697 Panchen Lobzang Yeshe met the reincarnation of the Fifth Dalai Lama at Tendzin Palace in Santse (san rtse) county and made a number of offerings. Cutting his crown hair, and giving him lay vows, the Panchen Lama gave him the name Lobzang Rinchen Tsangyang Gyatso (blo bzang rin chen tshang dbyangs rgyal mtsho, 1683-1706/46). The Fifth Panchen traveled with the young Sixth Dalai Lama, who had been born in 1683, to oversee the enthronement. At the time Lobzang Yeshe also consecrated the reliquary for the Fifth Dalai Lama.
At the age thirty five he was invited by Tsultrim Dargye (tshul khrims dar rgyas, 1632-1701), the Forty-fifth Ganden Tripa, to give teachings at the monastery, during which he gave lay vows to dozens of monks.
In 1702 the Sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso visited Panchen Lobzang Yeshe at Tashilhunpo, where he had been summoned to explain his errant behavior (the young boy spent considerable time in public parks playing at archery and other sports, and was said to frequent the brothels of Lhasa) and partly to take final ordination. Tsangyang Gyatso was asked to give teaching in the assembly hall of the monastery but he did not accept; he also refused to take monastic vows. After two months he returned to Lhasa, not wavering from his refusal to take ordination. The two never saw each other again; the Sixth Dalai Lama died in Amdo in 1706.
When conflict erupted in 1705 between Desi Sanggye Gyatso and Lhazang Khan, the chief of the Qoshot Mongolians who controlled Tibet, the Fifth Panchen Lama pleaded with the Mongolian to spare the lives of living beings. Hearing that fighting had broken out, he headed towards the battles, north of Lhasa, but was only outside of Shigatse when he received word that the battle was over, and the Regent defeated. As part of Lhazang’s efforts to pacify the clergy, which he had treated with considerable cruelty during the conflict, he sent his wife, Jerinrasi, who had arranged for the murder of the defeated Regent, to meet with the Panchen Lama and bring him gifts.
Proof of the Fifth Panchen Lama’s support of Lhazang was his involvement in the Mongolian’s effort to install his own son as the replacement Sixth Dalai Lama, who he had deposed from office after declaring him illegitimate. The boy, a monk at Chakpori Medical College (lcags po ri), named Monpa Pekar Dzinpa (mon pa pad dkar ‘dzin pa, b. 1686), had been born in 1686 in Tsarong, Kham, and had been ordained as a novice at Drepung in 1699. In 1707 the Fifth Panchen Lama gave him the name Ngawang Yeshe Gyatso (ngag dbang ye shes rgya mtsho) and installed him in the Potala as the Sixth Dalai Lama. It was a short-lived tenure, rejected by most Geluk hierarchs. Word came soon from Kham that the rebirth of Tsangyang Gyatso had been found in Litang.
In 1712 the Kangxi Emperor, having heard about the Litang boy, sent the Jasak Lama Gelek Chopel (dge legs chos ‘phel, d.u.) to Tashilhunpo to learn the Panchen Lama’s position in the matter. They returned with the message that the Panchen rejected the boy’s case, resulting in several years of delay before the Seventh Dalai Lama was brought to Lhasa to be officially enthroned.
In 1713, Lobzang Yeshe received from the Kangxi Emperor a golden seal carved with the title Erdini, Mongolian for chogyel (chos rgyal), or dharmaraja. All Panchen Lamas have since assumed this title.
When the Dzungars invaded Tibet in 1717, the Fifth Panchen Lama and other Geluk lamas unsuccessfully attempted to convince the two Mongolian armies to avoid full battle. The Panchen, continuing his allegiance to Lhazang, retreated with him to Lhasa and, when the Dzungars took Lhasa, he interceded, again unsuccessfully, on behalf of the khan, who had taken refuge in the Potala. Lhazang later died fighting. His son, the replacement Sixth Dalai Lama, was allowed, due to the Panchen’s intervention, to return to Chakpori to live as an ordinary monk, until he was sent to Beijing by the Chinese in 1720, where he passed away a few years later.
During the chaos that followed the Dzungar invasion, with their sacking of monasteries and murder of lamas, the Fifth Panchen resided in Tashilhunpo, visited by the factions who sought to manage events, including Polhane Sonam Tobgye (pho lha nas bsod nams stobs rgyas, 1689-1747) and Dzungar generals.
When the Qing invaded Tibet in 1720 and drove out the Dzungars, they brought the Seventh Dalai Lama with them. Knowing that the recognition by the Panchen Lama was necessary for his enthronement, Lobzang Yeshe was requested to go to Lhasa to affirm the young man’s identity as the legitimate Dalai Lama. He did so, bestowing novice vows and giving the name Lobzang Kelzang Gyatso (blo bzang skal bzang rgya mtsho, 1708-1757). He subsequently tutored him, and, in 1727, gave him full ordination.
In the late 1720s the Fifth Panchen Lama again found himself in the midst of civil war, as Polhane mounted his victorious campaign to take control of Tibet. His pleas to Lhasa to avoid battle were rebuffed, and Shigatse briefly suffered the presence of the Lhasa army while Polhane temporarily retreated. Because of threats of smallpox, the Panchen Lama refused all personal meetings, but continued to send and received messengers.
Upon Polhane’s victory the Seventh Dalai Lama was exiled, leaving Lhasa at the end of 1728. The Manchu ambans in Lhasa, representatives of the Qing, arranged for an invitation to the Panchen Lama to travel to Lhasa, which he did, without enthusiasm, in October 1728. Polhane granted him dominion over most of Tsang and Ngari, forcing him to cede the eastern part of the region to Lhasa. As part of the affirmation of the new arrangements, he sent an envoy to Beijing, one of several that went back and forth between Shigatse and Beijing over the next few years. One of these was a petition, in 1732, for the return of the Seventh Dalai Lama. When this finally occurred, in 1735, the Dalai Lama went to Shigatse to pay his respect to the Fifth Panchen Lama, who was by then quite old and unwell.
Lobzang Yeshe passed way in July 31, 1737, the fire-snake year of the twelfth sexagenary cycle.
Teachers
- dkon mchog rgyal mtshan དཀོན་མཆོག་རྒྱལ་མཚན། b.1612 – d.1687
- The Fifth Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobzang Gyatso ཏ་ལའི་བླ་མ ༠༥ ངག་དབང་བློ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ། b.1617 – d.1682
- blo bzang don grub བློ་བཟང་དོན་གྲུབ།
- dam tshig rdo rje དམ་ཚིག་རྡོ་རྗེ།
- don yod rdo rje དོན་ཡོད་རྡོ་རྗེ།
- blo bzang nor bu བློ་བཟང་ནོར་བུ།
Students
- ye shes rgyal mtshan ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན། b.1713 – d.1793
- blo bzang rnam rgyal བློ་བཟང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ། b.1670 – d.1741
- The First Purchok, Ngawang Jampa ཕུར་ལྕོག ༠༡ ངག་དབང་བྱམས་པ། b.1682 – d.1762
- ‘jam dbyangs chos ‘phel འཇམ་དབྱངས་ཆོས་འཕེལ།
- blo bzang rig grol བློ་བཟང་རིག་གྲོལ།
- The Seventh Dalai Lama, Kelzang Gyatso ཏ་ལའི་བླ་མ ༠༧ སྐལ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ། b.1708 – d.1757
- The Third Changkya, Rolpai Dorje ལྕང་སྐྱ ༠༣ རོལ་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེ། b.1717 – d.1786
- Sumpa Khenpo Yeshe Peljor སུམ་པ་མཁན་པོ་ཡེ་ཤེས་དཔལ་འབྱོར། b.1704 – d.1788
- ‘jigs med ye shes grags pa འཇིགས་མེད་ཡེ་ཤེས་གྲགས་པ། b.1696 – d.1750
- The Sixth Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso ཏ་ལའི་བླ་མ ༠༦ ཚངས་དབྱངས་རྒྱ་མཚོ། b.1683 – d.1706
- The Second Rongpo Drubchen, Ngawang Trinle Gyatso རོང་པོ་གྲུབ་ཆེན ༠༢ ངག་དབང་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ། b.1678 – d.1739
- The Fifty-Fourth Ganden Tripa, Ngawang Chokden དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ ༥༤ ངག་དབང་མཆོག་ལྡན། b.1677 – d.1751
- Taktsang Lobzang Rabten སྟག་ཚང་བློ་བཟང་རབ་བརྟན། b.1676 – d.1745
- blo bzang bkra shis བློ་བཟང་བཀྲ་ཤིས། b.1647 – d.1713
- bzhad pa’i rdo rje བཞད་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེ། b.1697
- The First Tewo Lungzang Nangwa, Lobzang Samten ཐེ་བོ་ལུང་བཟང་ནང་བ ༠༡ བློ་བཟང་བསམ་གཏན། b.1687 – d.1749
- Drakpa Shedrub གྲགས་པ་བཤད་སྒྲུབ། b.1675 – d.1748
- The Fifth Kirti, Lobzang Tenpai Gyeltsen ཀིརྟི ༠༥ བློ་བཟང་བསྟན་པའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན། b.1712 – d.1771
- ngag dbang chos ‘phel ངག་དབང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། b.1635 – d.1707
- blo bzang ‘phrin las བློ་བཟང་འཕྲིན་ལས། b.1642 – d.1708
- blo bzang bstan ‘dzin བློ་བཟང་བསྟན་འཛིན།
- bsam gtan rgya mtsho བསམ་གཏན་རྒྱ་མཚོ།
- blo bzang bzod pa བློ་བཟང་བཟོད་པ། b.1685 – d.1752
- ngag dbang bstan ‘dzin rnam rgyal ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ། b.1691 – d.1738
- The Fifty-First Ganden Tripa, Pelden Drakpa དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ ༥༡ དཔལ་ལྡན་གྲགས་པ། d.1729
- The Fifty-Third Ganden Tripa, Gyeltsen Sengge དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ ༥༣ རྒྱལ་མཚན་སེངྒེ། b.1678 – d.1756
- The Fifty-Fifth Ganden Tripa, Ngawang Namkha Zangpo དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ ༥༥ ངག་དབང་ནམ་མཁའ་བཟང་པོ། b.1690? – d.1750/1749
- blo bzang bstan ‘dzin བློ་བཟང་བསྟན་འཛིན།
- dge ‘dun don grub དགེ་འདུན་དོན་གྲུབ།
- blo bzang mtha’ yas བློ་བཟང་མཐའ་ཡས།
- blo bzang mgon po བློ་བཟང་མགོན་པོ།
- ye shes bstan ‘dzin, kun spangs ཡེ་ཤེས་བསྟན་འཛིན,་ཀུན་སྤངས།
- The Fifth Chakra Tulku, Ngawang Tendzin Lhundrub ལྕགས་ར་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ ༠༥ ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལྷུབ་གྲུབ། b.1671 – d.1727
- The Fifty-Eighth Ganden Tripa, Ngawang Chodrak དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ ༥༨ ངག་དབང་ཆོས་གྲགས། b.1707 – d.1778
- blo bzang rab brtan བློ་བཟང་རབ་བརྟན། b.1683 – d.1766
- The First Nyendrak, Lobzang Nyendrak སྙན་གྲགས ༠༡ བློ་བཟང་སྙན་གྲགས། b.1718 – d.1800
- The Second Kondor Tulku, Lobzang Wangchuk དཀོན་རྡོར་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ ༠༢ བློ་བཟང་དབང་ཕྱུག། b.1689 – d.1758
- The Second Manipa, Lobzang Khechok མ་ཎི་པ ༠༢ བློ་བཟང་མཁས་མཆོག། b.1719 – d.1791
Previous Incarnations
- Khedrubje Gelek Pelzang མཁས་གྲུབ་རྗེ་དགེ་ལེགས་དཔལ་བཟང། b.1385 – d.1438
- bsod nams phyogs glang བསོད་ནམས་ཕྱོགས་གླང། b.1439 – d.1504
- The Third Panchen Lama, Wensapa Lobzang Dondrub པཎ་ཆེན་བླ་མ ༠༣ དབེན་ས་པ་བློ་བཟང་དོན་གྲུབ། b.1505 – d.1556
- The Fourth Panchen Lama, Lobzang Chokyi Gyeltsen པཎ་ཆེན་བླ་མ ༠༤ བློ་བཟང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན། b.1570 – d.1662
Subsequent Incarnations
- The Sixth Panchen Lama, dpal ldan ye shes པཎ་ཆེན་བླ་མ ༠༦ དཔལ་ལྡན་ཡེ་ཤེས། b.1738 – d.1780
- The Seventh Panchen Lama, bstan pa’i nyi ma པཎ་ཆེན་བླ་མ ༠༧ བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ། b.1782 – d.1853
- The Eighth Panchen Lama, Tenpai Wangchuk པཎ་ཆེན་བླ་མ ༠༨ བསྟན་པའི་དབང་ཕྱུག། d.1882
- The Ninth Panchen Lama, thub bstan chos kyi nyi ma པཎ་ཆེན་བླ་མ ༠༩ ཐུབ་བསྟན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ། b.1883 – d.1937
- The Tenth Panchen Lama, phrin las lhun grub chos kyi rgyal mtshan པཎ་ཆེན་བླ་མ ༡༠ ཕྲིན་ལས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན། b.1938 – d.1989
Bibliography
- Bkras dgon lo rgyus rtsom ‘bri tshogs chung. 1992. PaN chen sku phreng lang pa blo bzang ye shes kyi rnam thar mdor bsdus. In Dpal gyi chos sde chen po bkra shis lhun po. Lhasa: Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang.
- Blo bzang dpal ldan ye shes. 1975-1978. Blo bzang ye shes kyi sku gsung thugs kyi mdzad ma lus pa gsal bar byed pa’i rnam par thar pa ‘od dkar can gyi ‘phreng ba’i smad cha. In The collected works (gsun ‘bum) of the third panchen lama of tashilhunpo blo-bzaṅ-dpal-ldan-ye-śes, vol. 3. pp. 5-280. Delhi: Mongolian lama gurudeva.
- Grags pa ‘byung gnas and Rgyal ba blo bzang mkhas grub. 1992. Gangs can mkhas grub rim byon ming mdzod. Lanzhou: Kan su’u mi rigs dpe skrun khang, pp. 980-982.
- Lo Bue, Enroco. 2005. “The Sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatos.” In Brauen, Martin, ed. The Dalai Lamas: A Visual History. London: Serindia, pp. 93-101.
- Kapstein, Matthew. “The Seventh Dalai Lama Kalsang Gyatso.” In Brauen, Martin, ed. The Dalai Lamas: A Visual History. London: Serindia, pp. 103-115.
- Karmay, Samten G. 1998. “The Fifth Dalai Lama and his Reunification of Tibet.” In The Arrow and the Spindle: Studies in History, Myth, Rituals and Beliefs in Tibet, edited by Samten G. Karmay. Kathmandu: Maṇḍala Book Point, pp. 504-517.
- Khetsun Sangpo. 1973. Biographical Dictionary of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism. Dharamsala: LTWA, Vol. 5, p. 494.
- Mgon po dbang rgyal. 2000. Rgyal rabs lo tshigs shes bya mang ‘dus mkhas pa’i spyi nor. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, p. 367.
- Minyak mgon po. 1996-200. A mchog ‘jam dbyangs mkhyen rab rgya mtsho’i rnam thar mdor bsdus. In Gangs can mkhas dbang rim byon gyi rnam thar mdor bsdus, 744-750. Beijing: Krung go’i bod kyi shes rig dpe skrun khang.
- Petech, Luciano. 1972. China and Tibet in the Early XVIIIth Century. Leiden: Brill.
- Tshe mchog gling yongs ‘dzin ye shes rgyal mtshan. 1970 (1787). Byang chub lam gyi rim pa’i bla ma brgyud pa’i rnam par thar pa rgyal mtshan mdzes pa’i rgyan mchog phul byung nor bu’i phreng ba. Delhi: Ngawang Gelek Demo, vol. 2, pp. 255-339.
- Ya han zhang 牙含章. Blo bzang phun tshogs and Rta mgrin ‘brug grags, trans. 1992. PaN chen sku phreng rim byon mdzan rnam. Lhasa: Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang.
- Yongs ‘dzin ye shes rgyal mtshan. N.d. Rje btsun blo bzang ye shes dpal bzang po’i rnam thar. In Lam rim bla ma brgyud pa’i rnam thar, pp. 165-222. Barkham. Rnga khul bod yig rtsom sgyur cus.
Source: Tsering Namgyal, “The Fifth Paṇchen Lama, Lobzang Yeshe,” Treasury of Lives, accessed July 22, 2018, http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Lobzang-Yeshe/2180.
Tsering Namgyal is a scholar in Xining.
Published April 2011
Disclaimer: All rights are reserved by the author. The article is reproduced here for educational purposes only.
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The Fifth Panchen Lama, Lobzang Yeshe born of a well-known and noble family. The Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama were the highest and most important lamas in the Tibetan Buddhist world. During the course of his life, he was not only a religious figurehead, but also an important scholar who left several volumes of works on many different subjects in Tibetan. He was one of the earliest Tibetan scholars to engage with Europeans and their ideas. The Qing dynasty, had a close relationship with Panchen Lama and other learned monks and scholars. Chinese Emperor Kangxi invited many Tibetan lamas to Beijing to give religious teachings. Emperor Kangxi had than invited the Panchen Lama, and it was during this visit, the Panchen Lama passed away. Tibetan and Qing officials gave the cause of death as smallpox. Interesting read Panchen Lama was involved in the civil wars and Dzungar invasion.
Thank you Rinpoche for this sharing.
The Library of Tibetan Works and Archives is in Dharamsala, which is broken into two parts. Upper Dharamsala is where the Dalai Lama’s palace is located with his audience room and main prayer hall. It is also the location of the Dialectics School, Gaden Shartse’s guesthouse, restaurants, tourist hotels and main tourist areas.
A short ride down takes you to the lower part of Dharamsala where the Tibetan government is located. It is the location of the Tibetan Parliament in Exile, Nechung monastery, the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, the Tibetan arts centre…it’s all in one area. And the reason why it’s split into upper and lower Dharamsala is because the area is mountainous.
The Library of Tibetan Works and Archives was established by the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government to preserve all the ancient texts – both secular and spiritual – of Tibet and in the process, translate them into various languages like English. This book, Overview of Buddhist Tantra, by Panchen Sonam Drakpa was one of the books translated into English. What’s very interesting is that the book very clearly says that Panchen Sonam Drakpa’s previous life is Duldzin Drakpa Gyaltsen, one of the five main disciples of Lama Tsongkhapa. It also says that after that, he was Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen.
So the book is basically saying that Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen, Panchen Sonam Drakpa and Duldzin Drakpa Gyaltsen – the three Drakpas – are of the same mindstream.
Now that’s very peculiar because if Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen’s previous life is Panchen Sonam Drakpa, the renowned composer of 45 volumes of Dharma texts, the abbot of three monasteries AND the 15th Gaden Tripa, the holder of Lama Tsongkhapa’s throne…if that’s the case, how can Panchen Sonam Drakpa take rebirth as Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen and become an evil spirit and have a negative mind?
Prior to Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen, he was Panchen Sonam Drakpa and before that, he was Duldzin Drakpa Gyaltsen, a heart disciple of Lama Tsongkhapa. How can a heart disciple of Lama Tsongkhapa reincarnate as the erudite master Panchen Sonam Drakpa, and then die and reincarnate as Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen…and then Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen, due to a bad and negative prayer, become the evil spirit Dorje Shugden? How is that possible? Logically, it’s not.
What’s incredible is that all of this was printed by the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives under the Dalai Lama’s guidance. They contradict themselves because on one hand, the Tibetan leaders say Dorje Shugden is an evil spirit. On the other hand they’re printing a book saying that Panchen Sonam Drakpa, whose later incarnation became Dorje Shugden, is of this illustrious mindstream.
So how can the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, which is under the auspices of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government, print the translation of a book composed by the previous incarnation of a so-called evil spirit? How can they then say in the book that Panchen Sonam Drakpa’s previous life is Duldzin Drakpa Gyaltsen, and his next life was Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen?
Prior to the Dorje Shugden ban and controversy, everyone in Tibet knew that Dorje Shugden is Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen, that Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen is Panchen Sonam Drakpa, and that Panchen Sonam Drakpa is Duldzin Drakpa Gyaltsen. The three Drakpas, they are one mindstream emanating again and again to benefit other beings.
And as we all know, Tulku Drakpa Gyaltsen became Dorje Shugden so it totally doesn’t make sense to call him an evil spirit, then highlight all of his previous lives as erudite masters, and publish all of this information under their own library. So you can see the contradictions. You can read all of this for yourself in Overview of Buddhist Tantra, which was printed by the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives.
—–
OVERVIEW OF BUDDHIST TANTRA
GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE CLASSES OF TANTRA,
CAPTIVATING THE MINDS OF THE FORTUNATE ONES
rgyud sde spyi’i rnam par bzhag pa
skal bzang gi yid ‘phrog ces bya ba bzhugs so
BY
PANCHEN SONAM DRAGPA
(Pan-chen bSod-nams grags-pa, 1478-1554)
O Choje Sonam Dragpa Pel! (Chos-rje bSod-nams grags-pa-dpal!)
In the vast expanse of Your bodhi-mind,
The mind that the Buddhas have lauded for as many as
one hundred times,
You have developed “merit” shining like the sun.
Through Your skill in learning, debate and writing,
As illuminating as one hundred thousand sun rays,
You have developed in You a complete knowledge of
the entire sutras and tantras,
Resembling a garden of flowers in full bloom.
The power of Your speech is like the sun;
The fame of your name has reached the three realms of
this world.
O Sonam Dragpa, the teacher of teachers!
I bow down at your feet.
In the vast garden of Your great teachings,
The intelligent young people gather for
The ‘six ultimates’ and the ‘four modes of transmission,’
Just as they are attracted to
The one hundred thousand types of nectar
Dripping from a flower of one hundred petals.
May I be able to experience
The taste of the secret tantra!
Panchen Choje Sonam Dragpa Pel (Panchen Chos-rje bSod-nams grags-pa-dpal), the holder of sutra and Vajrayana teachings, was a master whose outstanding learning and spiritual accomplishments are well known by all the learned ones in Tibet. His first incarnation came in the form of one of the five prestigious disciples of Lord Tsongkhapa (Tsong-kha-pa) and became known as Vinaya Holder (Dulzin) Dragpa Gyaltsen (Gragspa rgyal-mtshan). Then came Panchen Sonam Dragpa Pel (Panchen bSod-nams grags-pa-dpal), the author of the present text. The next was Nagri Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen (mNga’-ris sPrul-sku Grags-pa rgyal-mtshan). In this way, a line of his incarnations, each with the Dragpa (gragspa) surname, followed successively.
Panchen Sonam Dragpa Pel (Panchen bSod-nams grags-pa-dpal) was born in the 14th century in Tsetang (rTsed-thang) in the Lhoka (Lho-kha) region of Central Tibet. He entered the great seat of learning, Sera Thekchenling (Se-ra theg-chen-gling) monastic university, where he became the personal disciple of spiritual master Donyo Dangden (Dhon-yod dang-ldan) and His Holiness the Second Dalai Lama Gedun Gyatso (dGe-‘dun rgya-mtsho). Under them, he studied the entire teachings of sutra, tantra and their commentaries, and became known for his outstanding learning. He also received from them the empowerments, reading transmissions, guides and instructions of the entire body of spiritual training. On becoming the fully blessed one, the Dalai Lama appointed him the abbot of the Loseling (Blo-gsalgling) college, one of the four colleges of Drepung (‘Bras-dpung)- the most prestigious monastic university in Tibet before 1959, with over 10,000 monks on its register. He continued to be the abbot of this college for the next six years; and after him the tenure for each of his successors in this position was fixed for a period of six years, a rule that is followed even today.
He was then appointed the head of the Gelugpa (dGe-lugs-pa) order, the throne holder of Gaden (dGa’-ldan), thus becoming the 15th regent of Lord Tsongkhapa (Tsong-khapa), the second Buddha. In his eulogy to him, Khedrub Gelek Pelsang (mKhas-grub dGe-legs dpal- bzang) says:
O Lama, the second successor of the Unsubduable One,
The regent of the Lord of Dharma,
You are the one who made the virtuous qualities thrive;
You are the one who ascended to the golden throne uplifted
by the fearless lions.
May Your success thrive forever!
He continued to be the throne holder for the next seven years, during which time he promoted the spread of Lord Tsongkhapa’s (Tsong-kha-pa) precious teachings, the Gelug (dGe-lugs) tradition, across the land in all directions. He also paid special attention to the practice of monastic rules and the learning and meditation of Buddhism in the monasteries such as Sera (Se-ra), Drepung (‘Bras-spungs), Kyomolung (sKyo-mo-lung), Phagmo Chode (Phag-mo chos-sde), Nyeding (Nye-sdings), Ödna (’Od-sna) and Chöde Rinchen (Chos-sde rin-chen) etc. and improved them to a great extent. He taught the Third Dalai Lama Sonam Gyatso (bSod-nams rGya-mtsho) as the latter’s spiritual master. It was from him that the Dalai Lama received the name Sonam (bSod-nams).
His contributions in the literary field are enormous; and, indeed, they are the most valuable of all his contributions. Tsongkhapa (Tsong-kha-pa) has rightly said:
Of all one’s deeds,
The ‘deeds of speech’ are the most valuable.
Panchen Sonam Dragpa Pel (Panchen bSod-nams grags-pa-dpal) was a person with an extraordinary talent for teaching, debate and writing. In his colophon to Bu mey chi don zab don sel wey dron mey (dBu ma’i spyi don zab don gsal ba’i sgron me), he wrote:
In the field of teaching, I am [next to none!] Knowing that
I would outdo them in this field, Arya Asanga and his
brother transmigrated into another realm.
In the field of debate, I am [next to none!] Knowing that
I would find out the areas they had contradicted and
that I would examine them and put forth my arguments,
the logician Dignaga (Digh-naga) and Dharmakirti tactfully
bypassed me.
In the field of writing, I am [next to none!] [In my eyes,]
Arya-sura was just good at spreading the works, which
are like ‘disputes~ between an insect and a field.’
I am the learned man. Peerless in the field of teaching,
debate and writing!
For some this passage might sound utterly nonsensical, but the most learned master of our age, the talented teacher, logician and writer, the late tutor to His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Yongdzin Trijang Dorjechang (Yongs-‘dzin Khri-byang rDorje-‘Chang), said: “Now, some people of our time, who consider themselves learned scholars, think that this is utter nonsense; but they are wrong.”
Panchen Sonam Dragpa Pel (Panchen bSod-nams grags-pa-dpal) wrote over 45 volumes of books dealing with many different subjects, such as the commentaries on the sutras and tantras, the saddhana manuals of the tutelary deities, history, religious history and so forth. Among these, one that is very important for all who wish to learn and meditate on the path-of the practical aspect of Buddhism in general and that of Vajrayana in particular is the Leg shey gyu de chi nam par shagpa kelsang gi yi trod (Legs bshad rgyud sde spyi’i rnam par bzhag pa skal bzang gi yid ‘phrod). In this book, he has explained precisely how the four tantras differ from one another. He has also fully described the stages of the two spontaneous path practices of the Vajrayana tradition, dealing with the ‘six ultimates’ and the ‘four modes of transmission’, thus interpreting without mistake the intention of Adhi-Buddha Vajradhara.
May the reprint of this text, which the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives is publishing herewith, bring peace and happiness in this world!
Prof. Nawang Jinpa
St. Joseph’s College
Darjeeling
January 24 1996
H.H. the 10th Panchen Lama (Main figure)
(Top to bottom): Amitabha, Lama Tsongkhapa, H.H. the 10th Panchen Lama, Tsangpa Karpo and Dorje Shugden.
The Panchen Lama line of incarnations are believed to be emanations of Amitabha, the Buddha of Boundless Light. Amitabha is relied on strongly within Pure Land Buddhism that is popularly practised in East Asia. He embodies the awakened aggregate of discernment and that means he purifies desire within the mindstream of practitioners. He currently resides in Sukhavati, the Western Pure Land, where practitioners aspire to take rebirth in order to continue their spiritual practice.
Panchen Lama is not just a name but a title bestowed by the Great Fifth Dalai Lama upon his illustrious teacher, Lobsang Chokyi Gyeltsen and it literally means ‘Great Scholar’ in recognition of his teacher’s scholarly prowess. Since then, the Panchen Lamas have been regarded as the second highest incarnation lineage after the Dalai Lamas in Tibet. Although this incarnation lineage stems all the way back to India, it is traditionally traced back to Kedrub Gelek Pelsang, one of the two main heart disciples of Lama Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug tradition. Furthermore, the Great Fifth Dalai Lama bestowed the monastery of Tashi Lhunpo in Shigatse to be the monastic seat of the Panchen Lamas. Therefore, Tashi Lhunpo which was originally established by the First Dalai Lama Gendrub Drub has since become the monastic seat of the later incarnations of the Panchen Lama.
In 1938, the 10th Panchen Lama was born in what is today’s Qinghai province. He was enthroned and given the name Choekyi Gyaltsen at Kumbum Monastery in 1949. In 1954, the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama travelled to Beijing in order to attend the first session of the first National People’s Congress, meeting Mao Zedong and other Chinese leaders. When the Dalai Lama fled to India in 1959, the Panchen Lama remained in Tibet and supported the Chinese government in order to be the spiritual head of his people that remained in Tibet. Following a tour of Tibet, in 1962 the Panchen Lama wrote a document entitled the 70,000 Character Petition denouncing the abusive policies of the Chinese in Tibet. In 1964, he was publicly humiliated and dismissed from all posts and imprisoned. In 1978, he returned his monastic vows and married Li Jie, a soldier and medical student. In 1983, Li Jie gave birth to a daughter who was named Yabshi Pan Rinzinwangmo. She is highly revered as she is the only known offspring of the either Panchen Lama or Dalai Lama incarnation lineages. The Panchen Lama entered clear light from a heart attack in Shigatse at the age of 51 in 1989.
One of the main protectors of the Panchen Lama line of incarnations is Tsangpa Karpo, the peaceful aspect of Setrap Chen. Setrap along with his various manifestations is a Dharma Protector that arose in ancient times in India and was brought to Tibet by Lotsawa Loden Sherab. Dorje Shugden was also closely associated with the Panchen Lamas by virtue of his previous life as Tulku Drakpa Gyeltsen, the heart disciple of His Holiness the 4th Panchen Lama. There is a large chapel dedicated to Dorje Shugden in Tashi Lhunpo Monastery which still stands today. It was consecrated by Kyabje Pabongka Rinpoche at the request of His Holiness the 9th Panchen Lama. Within the collected works of the 10th Panchen Lama, there is an extensive liturgy propitiating Dorje Shugden. Therefore, his writings bear testament to the fact that the Panchen Lama worshiped and considered Dorje Shugden to be beneficial and his practice efficacious.
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Read more about the 10th Panchen Lama: https://bit.ly/2EKfDJI
H.H. the 4th Panchen Lama (Main figure)
(Top to bottom): Manjushri, H.H. the 4th Panchen Lama, H.H. the 5th Dalai Lama, Tulku Drakpa Gyeltsen, Dorje Shugden and Four-Faced Mahakala.
The Panchen Lama line of incarnations are believed to be emanations of Amitabha, the Buddha of Boundless Light. Amitabha is relied on strongly within Pure Land Buddhism that is popularly practised in East Asia. He embodies the awakened aggregate of discernment and that means he purifies desire within the mindstream of practitioners. He currently resides in Sukhavati, the Western Pure Land, where practitioners aspire to take rebirth in order to continue their spiritual practice.
Panchen Lama is not just a name but a title bestowed by the Great Fifth Dalai Lama upon his illustrious teacher, Lobsang Chokyi Gyeltsen and it literally means ‘Great Scholar’ in recognition of his teacher’s scholarly prowess. Since then, the Panchen Lamas have been regarded as the second highest incarnation lineage after the Dalai Lamas in Tibet. Although this incarnation lineage stems all the way back to India, it is traditionally traced back to Kedrub Gelek Pelsang, one of the two main heart disciples of Lama Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug tradition.
Lobsang Chokyi Gyeltsen who later became known as the 4th Panchen Lama was born in a village called Drukgya in the Lhan valley, in Tsang, in 1570. He searched for and enthroned Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso as the 5th Dalai Lama and Tulku Drakpa Gyeltsen as the 4th Zimkhang Gongma (the incarnation of Panchen Sonam Drakpa). These two lamas became the heart disciples of Lobsang Chokyi Gyeltsen.
Lobsang Chokyi Gyeltsen managed to keep suppression by the Tsang king at bay by healing the king from disease and subsequently, he was allowed to recognise the Fifth Dalai Lama. Later, he forged an alliance with the invading Mongols after they had defeated the Tsang king and thus, he was able to enthrone the Dalai Lama as the temporal leader of Tibet at Drepung Monastery. In turn, the Dalai Lama unified Tibet and established his government of the Gaden Podrang. He offered his monastic seat of Tashi Lhunpo to his guru, Lobsang Chokyi Gyeltsen and also bestowed upon him the title Panchen Lama. Thereafter, Lobsang Chokyi Gyeltsen was known as the Panchen Lama and Tashi Lhunpo became the monastic seat of the Panchen Lama incarnation lineage. On the spiritual side, he wrote prolifically and one of his most famous works was the Lama Chopa, also known as the Guru Puja. It was originally transmitted through an oral tradition and stemmed from the sacred teachings and transmissions that Manjushri gave to Lama Tsongkhapa.
Four-Faced Mahakala is a protective emanation of Manjushri, the patron Bodhisattva of Wisdom and is a protector of the Cakrasamvara Tantra. This is one of the main tantric systems widely practised within the Gelug order and therefore, this protector is widely propitiated by many high lamas of our tradition as well.
Upon his passing Tulku Drakpa Gyeltsen arose in the form of Dorje Shugden, who became a protector of the teachings of Lama Tsongkhapa and has been widely propitiated as such ever since.
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Read more about the 4th Panchen Lama: https://bit.ly/2JeLUXY
The Fifth Panchen Lama, Lobzang Yeshe was born of a well-known and noble family in the province of Tsang. He was recognized by the Fifth Dalai Lama, as the reincarnation of his teacher, the Fourth Panchen Lama, Lobzang Chokyi Gyeltsen . The Panchen Lama is the second highest ranking lama after the Dalai Lama in the Gelugpa sect of Tibetan Buddhism. His involvement with the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty , Dzungars wars and affirming the identity of the legitimate Seventh Dalai Lama Dalai Lama ‘s history was interesting.
Thank you Rinpoche for this sharing.
These are beautiful pictures of H.E. Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche going to meet His Holiness Panchen Rinpoche and getting blessings from Panchen Rinpoche. You can see how humble Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche is. He is always bowed in the presence of Panchen Rinpoche. Dilgo Kyentse Rinpoche is a great lama himself yet has not ego to get blessings from another very high lama. Beautiful to see this. Inspiring to see these.
Listening to the chanting of sacred words, melodies, mantras, sutras and prayers has a very powerful healing effect on our outer and inner environments. It clears the chakras, spiritual toxins, the paths where our ‘chi’ travels within our bodies for health as well as for clearing the mind. It is soothing and relaxing but at the same time invigorates us with positive energy. The sacred sounds invite positive beings to inhabit our environment, expels negative beings and brings the sound of growth to the land, animals, water and plants. Sacred chants bless all living beings on our land as well as inanimate objects. Do download and play while in traffic to relax, when you are about to sleep, during meditation, during stress or just anytime. Great to play for animals and children. Share with friends the blessing of a full Dorje Shugden puja performed at Kechara Forest Retreat by our puja department for the benefit of others. Tsem Rinpoche
Listen here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbzgskLKxT8&t=5821s